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Buckley v. Valeo

Document contents
New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, 376 U. S. 254, 270 (1964). In a republic where the people are sovereign, the ability of the citizenry to make informed
Question Presented
Whether the various provisions of the Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA) — including limits on contributions, limits on expenditures (both by candidates and independent spenders), disclosure requirements, the public financing of presidential campaigns, and the structure of the FEC — violated the First Amendment's protection of political speech and association, the Fifth Amendment's guarantee of equal protection, and the Appointments Clause of the Constitution. The central question was whether the government's interest in preventing corruption and the appearance of corruption in federal elections could justify restrictions on political spending, and if so, which restrictions.
Legal Issue(s)
  • Campaign Finance
Country
United States of America
Language of Decision
  • English
Date of decision
Jan 30, 1976
Date modified
Aug 21, 2026
Judgment

Călin Georgescu v. Romania

Document contents
to censure the principal lawmaking authorities (see Boškoski v. the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (dec.), no. 11676/04, 2 September 2004, and, mutatis mutandis, Guliyev
Question Presented
Did the Constitutional Court of Romania err in annulling the first round of elections or infringe upon Georgescu's right to a free election?
Legal Issue(s)
  • Electoral Integrity
  • Improper Practices
  • Social Media
  • Technology
Country
Romania
Language of Decision
  • English
Date of decision
Mar 6, 2025
Date modified
Jul 28, 2026
Judgment

Partido Liberal v. Ricardo Pereira

Document contents
sob pena de multa diária; b) determinar ao representado que se abstenha de republicar ou impulsionar o mesmo conteúdo, ou conteúdo substancialmente equivalente, em qualquer rede
Question Presented
Was the defendant Pereira liable for generating and disseminating an AI deepfake image masquerading as a “leaked photo”, which falsely portrayed a group of Brazilian politicians meeting over brunch?
Legal Issue(s)
  • Social Media
  • Technology
Country
Brazil
Language of Decision
  • Portuguese
Date of decision
Jun 8, 2026
Date modified
Jul 28, 2026
Judgment

Barthelemy v. President of the Republic of Vanuatu

Applicable Law(s)
Constitution of the Republic of Vanuatu: Articles 53, 21, 28, 39, 40, 43, 66, 67
Question Presented
(1) Was the Council of Minister’s advice to the President to dissolve Parliament while there was a pending motion of no confidence by members of parliament a violation of the Constitution? (2) If so, was the dissolution of parliament by President void? (3) Does the Supreme Court have jurisdiction to hear constitutional writ petitions relating to the dissolution of parliament?
Legal Issue(s)
  • Conflict of Interests
Country
Vanuatu
Date of decision
Sep 9, 2022
Date modified
Jul 22, 2026
Judgment

Baker v. Carr

Document contents
treatment that without executive recognition a foreign state has been called "a republic of whose existence we know nothing," "5and the judiciary ordinarily follows the
Question Presented
Whether a claim alleging that a state's legislative apportionment scheme violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment — by diluting the voting power of citizens in overpopulated districts — presents a justiciable controversy or is a non-justiciable "political question" that federal courts lack authority to adjudicate. This issue required the Court to revisit and overturn the precedent of Colegrove v. Green, 328 U.S. 549 (1946), which had held that federal courts should not intervene in reapportionment disputes.
Legal Issue(s)
  • Electoral Maps and Districting
  • Voters' Rights
Country
United States of America
Language of Decision
  • English
Date of decision
Mar 26, 1962
Date modified
Jul 12, 2026
Judgment

Shelby County v. Holder

Document contents
States is essential to the harmonious operation of the scheme upon which the Republic was organized.” Id., at 580. Coyle concerned the admission of new States,
Question Presented
Whether the coverage formula in Section 4(b) of the Voting Rights Act — which determined which jurisdictions were subject to the preclearance requirement of Section 5 — remained constitutionally valid after Congress reauthorized it in 2006 without updating the formula, given that the formula was based on decades-old data (voter registration and turnout from the 1960s and early 1970s) and practices (literacy tests) that had since been banned nationwide. More broadly, whether the formula violated the constitutional principle of equal sovereignty among the states by subjecting only certain jurisdictions to the extraordinary federal intrusion of preclearance.
Legal Issue(s)
  • Elections as a Fundamental Right
  • Electoral Administration Irregularities
  • Voters' Rights
Country
United States of America
Language of Decision
  • English
Date of decision
Jun 25, 2013
Date modified
Jul 9, 2026
Judgment

In the Matter of William Pughsley

Document contents
wants someone to help her make those decisions and decide between two, a republic[an] and democratic candidate to help her come to a decision. But I just
Question Presented
Whether the circuit court erred in disqualifying William Pughsley from voting by applying an improper "base level understanding" standard—rather than the statutory standard of whether the individual can communicate, with or without accommodations, a desire to participate in the voting process—and whether the court erred in denying accommodations and the Supported Decision-Making Act petition.
Legal Issue(s)
  • Accessibility
  • Voters' Rights
Country
United States of America
Language of Decision
  • English
Date modified
Jul 9, 2026
Judgment

Kasozi & 3 Ors v Attorney General & 2 Ors

Document contents
v Attorney General & 2 Ors DATE DELIVERED 29 Sep 2015 CASE JUDGEMENT THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA IN THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF UGANDA AT KAMPALA [Coram: A Nshimye, R
Question Presented
Whether forcing PWDs to be members of NUDIPU-affiliated associations to vote (as per Regulation 10) violated their constitutional rights, including the freedom of association (Article 29(1)(e)), the right to participate in public affairs (Article 38(1)), the right to redress (Article 50(1)), and the right to vote (Article 59(1)); Whether Parliament unconstitutionally abdicated its mandate under Article 78(4) of the Constitution by delegating the power to create electoral procedures to a Minister instead of prescribing them directly through legislation; and whether the legal framework for PWD elections, particularly after the 2013 legislative amendments, was constitutional.
Legal Issue(s)
  • Freedom of association and assembly
  • Voters' Rights
Country
Uganda
Language of Decision
  • English
Date of decision
Sep 29, 2015
Date modified
Jul 9, 2026
Judgment

August v Electoral Commission of South Africa

Applicable Law(s)
Constitution of the Republic of South Africa and the Electoral Act 73 of 1998
Question Presented
Whether prisoners retained their constitutional right to vote under the 1996 Constitution, and, if so, whether the IEC was obligated to take active steps to facilitate their registration and voting, particularly in the absence of any parliamentary legislation that explicitly disenfranchised them.
Legal Issue(s)
  • Elections as a Fundamental Right
  • Voter Registration
  • Voters' Rights
Country
South Africa
Language of Decision
  • English
Date of decision
Apr 1, 1999
Date modified
Jul 9, 2026
Judgment

Emily's List v. FEC

Document contents
outlet.” 540 U.S. at 224. Upon realizing structural forces inherent in a republic inevitably create incentives for those subject to regulation to petition for
Question Presented
Whether the FEC's regulations requiring non-profit political committees to use federally regulated ("hard money") funds for at least 50% of their administrative, voter drive, and public communications costs—and restricting how such groups may solicit contributions—violate the First Amendment's protection of political speech and association, particularly in light of the Supreme Court's intervening decisions in FEC v. Wisconsin Right to Life (2007) and Davis v. FEC (2008).
Legal Issue(s)
  • Campaign Finance
Country
United States of America
Language of Decision
  • English
Date of decision
Sep 18, 2009
Date modified
Jul 8, 2026
Judgment

Moore v. Harper

Document contents
legislatures were enacting as law.” G. Wood, The Creation of the American Republic 1776–1787, pp. 454–455 (1969). Although judicial review emerged cautiously, it matured
Question Presented
Whether the Elections Clause of the U.S. Constitution (Article I, § 4, cl. 1)—which provides that "[t]he Times, Places and Manner of holding Elections for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof"—vests exclusive and independent authority in state legislatures to set the rules for federal elections, insulating them from review by state courts applying state constitutional constraints.
Legal Issue(s)
  • Electoral Maps and Districting
  • Judicial Independence
Country
United States of America
Language of Decision
  • English
Date of decision
Jun 27, 2023
Date modified
Jul 8, 2026
Judgment

Richter v. Minister of Home Affairs

Procedural history
law), 9(1) (equality), 10 (human dignity), and 19(3)(a) (right to vote) of the Constitution of the Republic
Question Presented
Whether Section 33(1)(b) and Section 33(1)(e) of the Electoral Act 73 of 1998 — which limited the "special vote" to South African citizens absent from the Republic only if they were on "government service" (or members of the household of such persons), while effectively excluding all other citizens living or working abroad — unjustifiably limited the constitutional right to vote under Section 19(3)(a) of the Constitution, read with the rights to equality (Section 9(1)), human dignity (Section 10), and equal citizenship (Section 3(2)(a)).
Legal Issue(s)
  • Accessibility
Country
South Africa
Language of Decision
  • English
Date of decision
Feb 9, 2009
Date modified
Jul 7, 2026
Judgment

Bujdoso v. Hungary

Document contents
January 2012 repealing article 70, paragraph 5, of the 1949 Constitution of the Republic of Hungary, which automatically excluded from suffrage all persons under guardianship, restricting
Question Presented
Whether Hungary's automatic disenfranchisement of persons with disabilities placed under guardianship—without individualized assessment of their capacity to vote and based solely on their disability status—violates articles 2, 12, and 29 of the CRPD.
Legal Issue(s)
  • Accessibility
  • Voters' Rights
Country
Hungary
Language of Decision
  • English
Date of decision
Oct 16, 2013
Date modified
Jul 7, 2026
Judgment

Purohit & Moore v. The Gambia

Document contents
and ‘future’ mental health patients detained under the Mental Health Acts of the Republic of The Gambia. th 2. The complaint was sent by fax and received at the
Question Presented
Did The Gambia violate the fundamental rights of disabled voters?
Legal Issue(s)
  • Accessibility
  • Criminal Procedure
  • Elections as a Fundamental Right
  • Electoral Violence and Intimidation
  • Voters' Rights
Country
Gambia
Language of Decision
  • English
Date of decision
May 29, 2003
Date modified
Jul 7, 2026
Judgment

Molka v. Poland

Document contents
life (see Botta, cited above, § 34, and Zehnalová and Zehnal v. the Czech Republic (dec.), no. 38621/97, ECHR 2002-V). The first of those cases concerned
Question Presented
Did Poland violate the European Charter of Human Rights by being indifferent to the inaccessibility of poll stations?
Legal Issue(s)
  • Accessibility
Country
Poland
Language of Decision
  • English
Date of decision
Apr 11, 2006
Date modified
Jul 7, 2026
Judgment

Anatoliy Marinov v. Bulgaria

Document contents
Deputy Section Registrar, Having regard to: the application (no. 26081/17) against the Republic of Bulgaria lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the
Question Presented
Whether the automatic removal of a voter's rights under partial guardianship contravenes Article 3 of Protocol No. 1 of the European Convention on Human Rights. Furthermore, whether the blanket provision of removal is proportional to the state's legitimate aims and whether the absence of individualized judicial review deprives a voter's due process rights.
Legal Issue(s)
  • Accessibility
  • Voters' Rights
Country
Bulgaria
Language of Decision
  • English
Date of decision
Feb 28, 2022
Date modified
Jul 7, 2026
Judgment

Alajos Kiss v. Hungary

Document contents
§ 78, Series A no. 94, race - D.H. and Others v. the Czech Republic [GC], no. 57325/00, § 182, ECHR 2007-..., or sexual orientation - E.B.
Question Presented
Whether Hungary's voting restriction was proportional and legitimate under Article 1, Protocol 3
Legal Issue(s)
  • Accessibility
  • Elections as a Fundamental Right
  • Voters' Rights
Country
Hungary
Language of Decision
  • English
Date of decision
May 20, 2010
Date modified
Jul 7, 2026
Judgment

CH-02

Document contents
INSTANTIE: CONSTITUTIONEEL HOF van de REPUBLIEK SURINAME CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SURINAME ZAAKNUMMER: CH-02 DATUM BESLISSING: 05 AUGUSTUS 2022 PUBLICATIEDATUM: RECHTSGEBIED:
Question Presented
Are elements of the national electoral code that define allotment of legislative seats across the country's 10 districts (based off population patterns and anticipated growth in 1987) in conflict with the Constitution, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the American Convention of Human Rights, and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?
Legal Issue(s)
  • Electoral Maps and Districting
Country
Suriname
Language of Decision
  • Dutch
Date of decision
Aug 5, 2022
Date modified
Apr 30, 2025
Judgment

Electoral Justice for All: A Practitioner's Guide to Increasing Women's Access to Electoral Justice

Document contents
victims in these cases.” - Justice Mandisa Maya, Deputy Chief Justice of the Republic of South Africa marginalized groups, such as ethnic or religious minorities,
Preview
Preview
Legal Issue and/or Topic
  • Election Accessibility
  • Electoral Inclusion
  • Electoral Inclusion
Language
  • English
Date modified
Oct 1, 2024
Resources

Kitute v. Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission

Document contents
Kitute v Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission & 2 others [2017] eKLR THE REPUBLIC OF KENYA IN THE HIGH COURT OF KENYA AT KITUI ELECTION PETITION NO 1 OF
Question Presented
Is electronic evidence submitted in support of allegations of election fraud subject to the Evidence Act, which requires authentication or certification by an appropriate authority or expert?
Legal Issue(s)
  • Civil Procedure
  • Disputing Results
  • Electoral Administration Irregularities
  • Electoral Integrity
  • Electronic Voting
Country
Kenya
Language of Decision
  • English
Date of decision
Nov 6, 2017
Date modified
Aug 9, 2024
Judgment

Odinga, et. al v. Ruto

Document contents
(Election Petitions) (5 September 2022) (Judgment) Neutral citation: [2022] KESC 54 (KLR) REPUBLIC OF KENYA IN THE SUPREME COURT OF KENYA ELECTION PETITIONS PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION PETITION
Question Presented
Whether petitioners’ evidence of interference and election fraud satisfied the appropriate level of evidence as required by the Court and affected the election result, warranting the cancellation and rerun of the election?
Legal Issue(s)
  • Civil Procedure
  • Disputing Results
  • Electoral Administration Irregularities
  • Electoral Integrity
  • Electronic Voting
  • EMB Operation
Country
Kenya
Language of Decision
  • English
Date of decision
Sep 5, 2022
Date modified
Aug 9, 2024
Judgment

Samuel v. Chief Electoral Officer et al.

Document contents
1 2018 IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS MUDGE SAMUEL, Appellant Samuel, V. ·) ) ) ) REPUBLIC OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS CNIL ACTION NO
Question Presented
(1) Whether Chief Electoral Officer (“CEO”) erred in rejecting a candidate’s request for a re-count due to a close mayoral race with 3,25% of vote difference and alleged violations? (2) Whether the refusal to add a name of a voter to the voter registry beyond the deadline for voter registration can be raised as a class action to protect the rights of voters?
Legal Issue(s)
  • Disputing Results
  • EMB Operation
Country
Marshall Islands
Language of Decision
  • English
Date of decision
Aug 31, 2018
Date modified
Jan 24, 2024
Judgment

Lessons on the Use of Technology in Elections

Document contents
Investigation Guidebook (2020), p.96. https://www.ifes.org/publications/election-investigations-guidebook Kenya, Republic v. Mark Lloyd Steveson, High Court (Kiambu) Criminal Revision No. 1 of
Preview
Preview
Legal Issue and/or Topic
  • Election Dispute Resolution
  • Legal Frameworks
  • Regional Jurisprudence
Language
  • English
Date modified
Nov 8, 2023
Resources

Alternative Dispute Resolution in Elections: Practitioner Brief

Document contents
in the Republic of Zambia - Preliminary Statement. (2016, August 13). https://www.eisa.org/pdf/zam2016eom0.pdf European Union election observation mission final report: Republic of Zambia
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Preview
Legal Issue and/or Topic
  • Election Dispute Resolution
Language
  • English
Date modified
May 5, 2023
Resources

Bench Book on Electoral Dispute Resolution

Document contents
RESOLUTION XXXV Republic v IEBC & Another Ex Parte CORD [2017] eKLR (HC) Republic v IEBC Ex-Parte Charles Olari Chebet [2013] eKLR (HC) Republic v IEBC &
Preview
Preview
Legal Issue and/or Topic
  • Election Dispute Resolution
  • Judicial Independence
  • Legal Frameworks
  • Regional Jurisprudence
Language
  • English
Date modified
Oct 12, 2022
Resources

Decision 207183

Procedural history
The applicant then appealed to the Republic Election Commission, which rejected his appeal.
Question Presented
Whether the Sabac City Assembly was the proper authority to hear a challenge about the conduct of a referendum.
Legal Issue(s)
  • Civil Procedure
  • Electoral Administration Irregularities
Country
Serbia
Language of Decision
  • Serbian
Date of decision
Feb 3, 2022
Date modified
Sep 19, 2022
Judgment

Decision No. 207182

Procedural history
The Republic Election Commission (REC) ruled against the complainant.
Question Presented
Whether a voter’s electoral rights are violated when the question asked in a referendum is unclear and information about the question is not readily available at the polling site.
Legal Issue(s)
  • Accessibility
  • Electoral Administration Irregularities
  • Vote Form Irregularities
Country
Serbia
Language of Decision
  • Serbian
Date of decision
Feb 3, 2022
Date modified
Sep 16, 2022
Judgment

Odhiambo Oduol v. Independent Electoral & Boundaries Commission

Summary
Here, the Court relied on its opinion in Republic v.
Question Presented
Whether petitioner’s affidavit verifying a video recording meets the evidentiary burden outlined in Section 107 of the Evidence Act relating to electronic evidence.
Legal Issue(s)
  • Disputing Results
  • Electoral Integrity
  • Vote Verification and Transmission
Country
Kenya
Language of Decision
  • English
Date of decision
Jun 5, 2013
Date modified
Sep 14, 2022
Judgment

Ramos Rojas v. Sanabria Chacón

Summary
is not valid because it “‘enshrin[es] provisions contrary to the Constitution and the laws of the Republic
Question Presented
Whether a political party’s internal rules on candidacy criteria relating to nepotism may nullify an election of one of its registered candidates if he violated the party rules but otherwise met the eligibility criteria set up in the Constitution or statutes.
Legal Issue(s)
  • Candidate Registration
Country
Colombia
Language of Decision
  • Spanish
Date of decision
Dec 3, 2020
Date modified
Sep 13, 2022
Judgment

Marube Ombeta, Kamotho Njenga v. Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission

Document contents
REPUBLIC OF KENYA IN THE HIGH COURT OF KENYA AT NAIROBI CONSTITUTIONAL AND HUMAN RIGHTS DIVISION (Coram: A. C. Mrima, J.) CONSTITUIONAL PETITION NO. E211 OF 2022 (Consolidated
Question Presented
Whether the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC)’s decision to implement the two-thirds gender rule for the 2022 elections is unconstitutional. Whether the IEBC’s decision to reject the petitioner’s candidate nominations list for the National Assembly and the Senate was unconstitutional.
Legal Issue(s)
  • Candidate Registration
  • Gender
  • Quotas
Country
Kenya
Language of Decision
  • English
Date of decision
Jun 13, 2022
Date modified
Sep 13, 2022
Judgment

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