International Foundation for Electoral Systems Elections on Trial: The Effective Management of Election Disputes and Violations Copyright © 2018 International Foundation for Electoral Systems. All rights reserved. Permission Statement: No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system without the written permission of IFES. Requests for permission should include the following information: • • • A description of the material for which permission to copy is desired. The purpose for which the copied material will be used and the manner in which it will be used. Your name, title, company or organization name, telephone number, fax number, email address and mailing address. Please send all requests for permission to: International Foundation for Electoral Systems 2011 Crystal Drive, 10th Floor Arlington, VA 22202 Email: editor@ifes.org Fax: 202.350.67 This paper is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) under the Global Elections and Political Transitions (GEPT) Program. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. 2