Contents
Foreword..................................................................................................................................................1
Acknowledgments.................................................................................................................................2
Executive Summary................................................................................................................................3
Introduction............................................................................................................................................5
Viral Misinformation and Hate Speech.................................................................................................7
Domestic Influence Operations............................................................................................................ 8
Foreign Influence Operations................................................................................................................ 9
Major Findings....................................................................................................................................... 11
Implications for the Integrity of the Campaign Period...................................................................11
Implications for the Integrity of Electoral Administration and Operations.................................11
Implications for the Post-Electoral Period....................................................................................... 14
Implications for Democratic Integrity................................................................................................ 15
Recommendations...............................................................................................................................16
Recommendations for Election Management Bodies................................................................... 16
Recommendations for Civil Society Organizations........................................................................ 16
Recommendations for Political Parties and Candidates................................................................17
Recommendations for International Donors and Technical Assistance Providers...................17
Recommendations for Social Media Platforms................................................................................17