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265 Las personas muxes son zapotecas originarias de Oaxaca, específicamente de la región del Istmo de Tehuantepec, que siendo hombre se caracterizan por adoptar la vestimenta y los papeles tradicionales de las mujeres; pero su identificación es de un tercer género. Algunos se identifican plenamente como mujeres y otros recurren ocasionalmente al atuendo femenino, en función de festividades especiales.[62] 266 En cuanto al papel que juegan al interior de su comunidad, tradicionalmente se han dedicado al trabajo en el hogar o en el comercio. En las últimas décadas han comenzado a integrarse al campo político, pues se encuentran activos en mayordomías, en proyectos con organismos nacionales e internacionales, asociaciones civiles y recientemente en políticas municipales sobre diversidad sexual[63]; aunque diversos estudios señalan que dicha participación no se encuentra exenta de un contexto de vulnerabilidad, resultado de relaciones de dominación y marginación.[64] (v) La construcción social de la identidad de género. 267 La noción de género, en cualquier campo en que se use -ya sea en botánica o en biología, en lingüística o en sociología-, supone un patrón de rasgos identificadores que permiten agrupar a determinados individuos de una especie -ya se trate de plantas, animales, palabras o personas- por oposición a otros patrones dentro de un sistema de géneros que puede ser binario o no, pero que es necesariamente no solo finito, sino limitado.[65] 268 En este sentido, determinar si se considera a alguien como hombre o mujer es una decisión social que si bien tiene como punto de partida el cuerpo sexuado no se limita a este, sino que la calificación de hombre o mujer atiende a la construcción de significados de identidades colectivas que se expresan en el conjunto de prácticas, creencias, concepciones y valores que puede denominarse imaginario social o colectivo.[66] 269 Ahora bien, la identificación de género, tal como ha sido definida por la CIDH es la vivencia interna e individual del género con el cual una persona se siente identificado, la cual puede corresponder o no con el sexo asignado al nacer y que puede significar o no Create PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API PDFCROWD

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Mexico SUP JDC 304 2018

Judgment

Question Presented: The High Chamber of the confirmed the validity of the candidacy of two transgender people (muxes in the state of Oaxaca) to occupy public posts reserved for women and revoked the registration of 15 male candidates.

Alleged Acts: On April, 2018, the Institute for Elections and Citizen Participation of Oaxaca (IEEPCO) approved to register 19 people who were self-identified as muxes or transgender, as female candidates for legislative and municipal offices within the gender quotas for women . However, the muxe community of Oaxaca considered that, out of the 19 candidacies, 17 of them were fraudulent since they were only pretending to be transgender. Based on these arguments, members of the muxe community filed a complaint with IEEPCO, against these 17 candidacies. The IEEPCO analyzed the arguments of the claim and, after obtaining some evidence on the gender identity with which these 17 candidates conducted themselves socially, opted to cancel the registration, considering that there were irregularities and that, in its opinion, they were men who had self-identified as transgender women .

Summary: In the ruling SUP-JDC-304/2018 and accumulated dated June 21, 2018, the High Chamber defined two determinant issues: the requirements that the State can demand to any person in order to: 1) prove their gender identity and 2) to access to gender quotas in electoral matters and the measures that the authorities can (and should) adopt to verify the gender identity of a person in order to avoid the fraudulent use of gender quotas. The High Chamber ruled that it is enough to inform the respective authority the gender self-identification with a manifestation that clearly indicates the intent of the person in question. They reached this conclusion for two reasons: due to the application of the principle of progressiveness and to provide the principle of parity or substantive equality a useful and non-discriminatory effect. First, the High Chamber considered that, in accordance with the provisions of articles 1st; 4th; 35th, section II; and, 41th, fourth paragraph of the Constitution, all authorities in Mexico, within the scope of their authority, have the obligation to protect and guarantee human rights, which include legal gender equality, the right to stand for election, and the prohibition of the discrimination of a person due to their gender.

Conclusion: The Electoral Tribunal realized that, as the muxe community had stated, 15 of those 17 candidates had tried to register first as men, but not getting the registration because the male gender quota was already covered, they decided to self-identify as transgender women. For this reason, the High Chamber considered that these 15 applications were contradictory with the second manifestation of self-identification arising from the request made by the IEEPCO. Therefore, independently of the express manifestation of these 15 people self-identifying to the transsexual gender, the High Chamber ordered the cancellation of the registration of these candidacies and ordered to replace them with 15 women.

Legal Issue(s)

Candidate Registration
Gender
Quotas

Region: Americas

Country: Mexico

Language of Decision

Spanish

Court: Electoral Court

Election Type: General

Date of decision: Jun 21, 2018

Geolocation

Latitude: 19.433186441267804

Longitude: -99.13401777615888

: Geolocation

Primary Documents

Mexico- SUP-JDC-304-2018.pdf
Spanish
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Election Judgments - IFES

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Mexico SUP JDC 304 2018

Primary Documents

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