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b.2 La protección internacional y constitucional de los derechos de las personas LGBTI. 273 En el año dos mil ocho, la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas promulgó la primera resolución adoptada por un organismo internacional para promover la protección de las personas transexuales en el cual se denuncia la discriminación y estigmatización por motivos de identidad de género u orientación sexual; y exhorta a los Estados a adoptar todas las medidas necesarias para garantizar que no haya sanciones penales, detenciones, torturas o pena de muerte por estos motivos. 274 Además, con motivo de esta resolución, se le solicitó a la Oficina del Alto Comisionado para los Derechos Humanos que realizara un informe para documentar las leyes y prácticas administrativas que resultaran discriminatorias en materia de orientación sexual e identidad de género. 275 El informe, publicado en el dos mil once, señala entre sus recomendaciones que los Estados deben facilitar “el reconocimiento legal del género preferido por las personas trans y disponer de lo necesario para que se vuelvan a expedir los documentos de identidad pertinentes con el género y el nombre preferidos”. 276 Al igual que la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas, desde el año dos mil ocho, la Asamblea General de la Organización de Estados Americanos (OEA) ha emitido diversas resoluciones relacionadas con las violaciones de los derechos humanos cometidas contra personas debido a su orientación sexual o su identidad de género instando en cada una de ellas a los Estados para tomar medidas para prevenir la discriminación por motivos de orientación sexual e identidad de género, mediante la implementación de políticas y procedimientos que garanticen una protección adecuada a las personas intersexuales.[68] 277 Por su parte, en la Observación General No. 28 de la CEDAW se señala que los Estados deben “decididamente implementar medidas que prohíban la discriminación interseccional que pueden sufrir las mujeres por su identidad de género, orientación sexual, religión, edad, o raza”[69] Create PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API PDFCROWD

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Mexico SUP JDC 304 2018

Judgment

Question Presented: The High Chamber of the confirmed the validity of the candidacy of two transgender people (muxes in the state of Oaxaca) to occupy public posts reserved for women and revoked the registration of 15 male candidates.

Alleged Acts: On April, 2018, the Institute for Elections and Citizen Participation of Oaxaca (IEEPCO) approved to register 19 people who were self-identified as muxes or transgender, as female candidates for legislative and municipal offices within the gender quotas for women . However, the muxe community of Oaxaca considered that, out of the 19 candidacies, 17 of them were fraudulent since they were only pretending to be transgender. Based on these arguments, members of the muxe community filed a complaint with IEEPCO, against these 17 candidacies. The IEEPCO analyzed the arguments of the claim and, after obtaining some evidence on the gender identity with which these 17 candidates conducted themselves socially, opted to cancel the registration, considering that there were irregularities and that, in its opinion, they were men who had self-identified as transgender women .

Summary: In the ruling SUP-JDC-304/2018 and accumulated dated June 21, 2018, the High Chamber defined two determinant issues: the requirements that the State can demand to any person in order to: 1) prove their gender identity and 2) to access to gender quotas in electoral matters and the measures that the authorities can (and should) adopt to verify the gender identity of a person in order to avoid the fraudulent use of gender quotas. The High Chamber ruled that it is enough to inform the respective authority the gender self-identification with a manifestation that clearly indicates the intent of the person in question. They reached this conclusion for two reasons: due to the application of the principle of progressiveness and to provide the principle of parity or substantive equality a useful and non-discriminatory effect. First, the High Chamber considered that, in accordance with the provisions of articles 1st; 4th; 35th, section II; and, 41th, fourth paragraph of the Constitution, all authorities in Mexico, within the scope of their authority, have the obligation to protect and guarantee human rights, which include legal gender equality, the right to stand for election, and the prohibition of the discrimination of a person due to their gender.

Conclusion: The Electoral Tribunal realized that, as the muxe community had stated, 15 of those 17 candidates had tried to register first as men, but not getting the registration because the male gender quota was already covered, they decided to self-identify as transgender women. For this reason, the High Chamber considered that these 15 applications were contradictory with the second manifestation of self-identification arising from the request made by the IEEPCO. Therefore, independently of the express manifestation of these 15 people self-identifying to the transsexual gender, the High Chamber ordered the cancellation of the registration of these candidacies and ordered to replace them with 15 women.

Legal Issue(s)

Candidate Registration
Gender
Quotas

Region: Americas

Country: Mexico

Language of Decision

Spanish

Court: Electoral Court

Election Type: General

Date of decision: Jun 21, 2018

Geolocation

Latitude: 19.433186441267804

Longitude: -99.13401777615888

: Geolocation

Primary Documents

Mexico- SUP-JDC-304-2018.pdf
Spanish
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Election Judgments - IFES

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Mexico SUP JDC 304 2018

Primary Documents

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