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(i) La identidad de género es una vivencia interna y subjetiva que a través de la expresión de género se exterioriza para que una persona pueda ser percibida como tal frente a la sociedad; (ii) Las recomendaciones internacionales y los criterios de los tribunales constitucionales han pugnado por señalar que basta la autoadscripción a un género determinado para que el Estado deba reconocer esa situación. (iii) El reconocimiento del Estado no debe estar sujeto a la presentación de pruebas médicas, psicológicas o valoraciones morfológicas o peor aún que se exija una intervención quirúrgica, por lo que el cambio de identidad debe ser un trámite ágil y accesible; (iv) El cambio de identidad y su reconocimiento en los documentos oficiales, es el punto de partida para el ejercicio de otros derechos asociados al libre desarrollo de la personalidad, como el acceso a la salud, la educación o la seguridad social, entre otros. (v) Los juzgadores que conozcan de casos relacionados con personas LGBTI, se encuentran obligados a juzgar con perspectiva de género y de diversidad sexual[86]. Esto es, considerando la realidad particular que viven en virtud de su identidad de género y orientación sexual, eliminando cualquier clase de barrera u obstáculo que genere una discriminación en su contra. (vi) Las personas LGBTI tienen derecho a que el Estado adopte acciones positivas o de igualación positiva, que tengan por objeto permitir el acceso efectivo a oportunidades entre distintos grupos vulnerables y el resto de la población; siempre que dichas medidas sean objetivas y razonables. b.3 El acceso de las personas LGBTI a cargos de elección popular Create PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API PDFCROWD

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Mexico SUP JDC 304 2018

Judgment

Question Presented: The High Chamber of the confirmed the validity of the candidacy of two transgender people (muxes in the state of Oaxaca) to occupy public posts reserved for women and revoked the registration of 15 male candidates.

Alleged Acts: On April, 2018, the Institute for Elections and Citizen Participation of Oaxaca (IEEPCO) approved to register 19 people who were self-identified as muxes or transgender, as female candidates for legislative and municipal offices within the gender quotas for women . However, the muxe community of Oaxaca considered that, out of the 19 candidacies, 17 of them were fraudulent since they were only pretending to be transgender. Based on these arguments, members of the muxe community filed a complaint with IEEPCO, against these 17 candidacies. The IEEPCO analyzed the arguments of the claim and, after obtaining some evidence on the gender identity with which these 17 candidates conducted themselves socially, opted to cancel the registration, considering that there were irregularities and that, in its opinion, they were men who had self-identified as transgender women .

Summary: In the ruling SUP-JDC-304/2018 and accumulated dated June 21, 2018, the High Chamber defined two determinant issues: the requirements that the State can demand to any person in order to: 1) prove their gender identity and 2) to access to gender quotas in electoral matters and the measures that the authorities can (and should) adopt to verify the gender identity of a person in order to avoid the fraudulent use of gender quotas. The High Chamber ruled that it is enough to inform the respective authority the gender self-identification with a manifestation that clearly indicates the intent of the person in question. They reached this conclusion for two reasons: due to the application of the principle of progressiveness and to provide the principle of parity or substantive equality a useful and non-discriminatory effect. First, the High Chamber considered that, in accordance with the provisions of articles 1st; 4th; 35th, section II; and, 41th, fourth paragraph of the Constitution, all authorities in Mexico, within the scope of their authority, have the obligation to protect and guarantee human rights, which include legal gender equality, the right to stand for election, and the prohibition of the discrimination of a person due to their gender.

Conclusion: The Electoral Tribunal realized that, as the muxe community had stated, 15 of those 17 candidates had tried to register first as men, but not getting the registration because the male gender quota was already covered, they decided to self-identify as transgender women. For this reason, the High Chamber considered that these 15 applications were contradictory with the second manifestation of self-identification arising from the request made by the IEEPCO. Therefore, independently of the express manifestation of these 15 people self-identifying to the transsexual gender, the High Chamber ordered the cancellation of the registration of these candidacies and ordered to replace them with 15 women.

Legal Issue(s)

Candidate Registration
Gender
Quotas

Region: Americas

Country: Mexico

Language of Decision

Spanish

Court: Electoral Court

Election Type: General

Date of decision: Jun 21, 2018

Geolocation

Latitude: 19.433186441267804

Longitude: -99.13401777615888

: Geolocation

Primary Documents

Mexico- SUP-JDC-304-2018.pdf
Spanish
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Election Judgments - IFES

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Mexico SUP JDC 304 2018

Primary Documents

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