Contents 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 4. The rights of the child .....................................................................................845 The right to a nationality.................................................................................846 The right to participate in government.........................................................847 Non-derogable rights and the right to effective procedural and judicial protection.............................................................................................847 Derogable Rights and the Condition of Strict Necessity...........................852 4.1 General interpretative approach ....................................................................853 4.1.1 Article 4(1) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ........................................................................................853 4.1.2 Article 27(1) of the American Convention on Human Rights ..................854 4.1.3 Article 15(1) of the European Convention on Human Rights...................855 4.2 The right to effective remedies ......................................................................856 4.3. The right to liberty and special powers of arrest and detention ...............857 4.4 The right to a fair trial and special tribunals ................................................868 xxvi 5. The Condition of Consistency with Other International Legal Obligations .............................................................................................877 6. The Condition of Non-Discrimination ........................................................879 7. The Condition of International Notification...............................................881 8. The Role of Judges, Prosecutors and Lawyers in Ensuring the Effective Protection of Human Rights in Emergency Situations ............884 9. Concluding Remarks .......................................................................................885 Human Rights in the Administration of Justice: A Manual on Human Rights for Judges, Prosecutors and Lawyers