FOREWORD by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights The way in which justice is administered in a society is one of the basic indicators of its well-being. As highlighted by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, “...it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law”.1 It is for national legal systems and the administration of justice to ensure that this goal is achieved. Independent legal professions play a fundamental role in the protection of human rights. They are the guardians of international human rights law, ensuring that it is properly enforced within the judicial process and that individuals whose rights have been violated can find an effective remedy domestically. In order to discharge this responsibility, judges, prosecutors and lawyers need to have access to information on the human rights standards laid down in the main international legal instruments and to the related jurisprudence developed by universal and regional monitoring bodies. For many years, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights has been supporting projects aimed at promoting human rights among the professions responsible for the administration of justice, projects that have addressed judges, prosecutors and lawyers on all continents. In the framework of the United Nations Decade for Human Rights Education (1995-2004), and in partnership with professional associations, the Office has developed relevant methodological tools. HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE, composed of a Manual and a Facilitator’s Guide, is the result of a joint endeavour with the International Bar Association, a key international legal organization with more than 180 member bar associations and law societies. Its objective is to provide a comprehensive core curriculum on international human rights standards for legal professionals. Readers of the Manual are offered basic information on international human rights law and the jurisprudence of universal and regional bodies and national courts. Each module addresses a specific human rights area. In view of the nature of the legal professions, the Manual should have multiple applications: as training material for collective exercises, as a resource tool for carrying out individual studies, and as a reference source for the interpretation and application of the law. The Manual is complemented by the Facilitator’s Guide, which aims at assisting training managers and resource persons engaged in organizing workshops or courses – from the planning stage to the stage of final evaluation. For each of the Manual’s modules, the Guide includes suggested training aids such as overheads, exercises, case studies and role plays. It is based on an interactive training methodology which encourages participants to play an active role, contributing their professional expertise to the joint study on how to apply international human rights standards effectively. 1 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, third preambular paragraph. Human Rights in the Administration of Justice: A Manual on Human Rights for Judges, Prosecutors and Lawyers xxvii