Chapter 2 • The Major Universal Human Rights Instruments and the Mechanisms for Their Implementation the freedoms of association and peaceful assembly (art. 15(2)). In all these provisions the limitative measures must be based in law and be necessary for the stated purposes. Only in relation to the exercise of the right to freedom of association and assembly is it expressly stated that the measures concerned must also be “necessary in a democratic society”. Although the Convention contains few limitation provisions, many of the undertakings of the States parties are linked to the term “appropriate”, which is, of course, open to interpretation. However, it is an interpretation that must in all circumstances be conditioned by “the best interests of the child”. Another factor that may have to be taken into consideration by States in this connection is the balance between the interests of the child itself and “the rights and duties” of his or her parents (cf. arts. 3(3) and 5). Lastly, the Convention on the Rights of the Child contains no derogation provision, and it can therefore be concluded that the Convention was intended to be applied in its entirety even in exceptional crisis situations. The Convention on the Rights of the Child contains no general limitation provision. Specific limitation provisions are linked only to the exercise of the freedom of expression, the freedom to manifest one’s religion and belief and the freedoms of association and peaceful assembly. In general, the interpretation of the terms of the Convention must primarily aim at the best interests of the child but should take into account the rights and duties of his or her parents. 2.3.4 The implementation mechanism The system of implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (arts. 42-45) is similar to the reporting procedures under the two International Covenants and it will therefore suffice to refer here to what has already been stated above. Like the other Committees, the Committee on the Rights of the Child has also issued Guidelines for reports to be submitted by States parties under the Convention.49 2.4 The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, 1948 The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide was adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 1948 and entered into force on 12 January 1951. As of 26 April 2002 it had 135 States parties. The Convention does not create any specific implementation mechanism, but, as will be seen below, leaves the implementation to the Contracting Parties themselves. 49 See supra, note 47. Human Rights in the Administration of Justice: A Manual on Human Rights for Judges, Prosecutors and Lawyers 47