Foreword The Manual and the Guide should be used with a substantial degree of flexibility. While they target a specific audience, it may be necessary to make a selection of the most appropriate material. Presentations, examples, case studies and role plays may need to be tailored and customized to reflect relevant legal systems and address issues of particular interest. To facilitate the adaptation of the Manual and Guide to the needs of readers or course participants, both publications are also available in electronic format. HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE has been developed for use in all kinds of courses and workshops involving the legal professions and not necessarily only in those organized by OHCHR or IBA. Its use is encouraged in the development of curricula, in pre-service training for future legal professionals and in the continuing education activities of professional associations. All users are invited to comment on the material and suggest improvements. Feedback will be taken into account in future revisions of the Manual and Guide. Please mail your contribution to the following address: Manual on Human Rights for Judges, Prosecutors and Lawyers Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Palais des Nations 1211 Geneva 10 Switzerland OHCHR is hopeful that this material and other initiatives based on it will lead many individuals who work as judges, prosecutors and lawyers around the world to be agents of change and to contribute directly to the practical implementation of international human rights standards. Geneva, September 2002 xxviii Human Rights in the Administration of Justice: A Manual on Human Rights for Judges, Prosecutors and Lawyers