Chapter 2 • The Major Universal Human Rights Instruments and the Mechanisms for Their Implementation 3.8 The United Nations Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency (The Riyadh Guidelines), 1990 The United Nations Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency, 1990, also called the Riyadh Guidelines, aim at the prevention of juvenile delinquency by pursuing “a child-centred orientation” whereby “young persons should have an active role and partnership within society and should not be considered as mere objects of socialization or control” (Fundamental Principle 3). The Guidelines, which should be interpreted and implemented within the framework of other existing relevant international standards such as the International Covenants and the Convention on the Rights of the Child, deal with questions of general prevention (Guideline 9), socialization processes (Guidelines 10-44), social policy (Guidelines 45-51), legislation and juvenile justice administration (Guidelines 52-59), and research, policy development and coordination (Guidelines 60-66). 3.9 The United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (The Beijing Rules), 1985 The Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice 1985, also called the Beijing Rules, set forth detailed principles on the treatment of juveniles in the administration of justice, together with commentaries thereon. The rules deal with the age of criminal responsibility, the aims of juvenile justice, the rights of juveniles, the protection of privacy, investigation and prosecution, adjudication and disposition, non-institutional and institutional treatment, and also with research, planning, policy formulation and evaluation. 3.10 The Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power, 1985 The first part of the Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power, 1985, contains rules on access to justice and fair treatment of victims of “acts or omissions that are in violation of criminal laws operative within the Member States, including those laws proscribing criminal abuse of power” (Principles 4 and 1 read together). It further regulates the right to restitution, compensation and assistance for victims of crime (Principles 8-17). Lastly, it deals with the situation of victims of “acts or omissions that do not yet constitute violations of national criminal laws but of internationally recognized norms relating to human rights” (Principle 18). In this respect “States should consider incorporating into the national law norms proscribing abuses of power and providing remedies to victims of such abuses. In particular, such remedies should include restitution and/or compensation, and necessary material, medical, psychological and social assistance and support” (Principle 19). Human Rights in the Administration of Justice: A Manual on Human Rights for Judges, Prosecutors and Lawyers 65