Contents
4.5
Article 11 of the European Convention on Human Rights ......................608
4.5.1 Freedom of association, trade unions and the closed shop system.................609
4.5.2 Trade unions and collective agreements ......................................................612
4.5.3 Freedom of association and political parties ...............................................614
4.5.4 A lawyer’s right to freedom of assembly.....................................................627
5.
The Role of Judges, Prosecutors and Lawyers in Ensuring
Protection of Freedom of Thought, Conscience, Religion, Opinion,
Expression, Association and Assembly ........................................................629
6.
Concluding Remarks .......................................................................................630
Chapter 13
The Right to Equality and Non-Discrimination
in the Administration of Justice ...................................631
Learning Objectives.................................................................................................631
Questions ..................................................................................................................631
Relevant Legal Instruments....................................................................................632
1.
Introduction......................................................................................................633
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
2.
Selected Universal Legal Provisions Guaranteeing the Right to
Equality before the Law and the Right to Non-discrimination ................636
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
xx
Discrimination: A persistent serious human rights violation ....................633
The role of judges, prosecutors and lawyers in protecting persons
against discrimination ......................................................................................634
Glimpses of international legal history .........................................................634
The purpose and scope of the present chapter ...........................................635
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948............................................636
Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of
Genocide, 1948.................................................................................................637
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966 ......................638
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural
Rights, 1966.......................................................................................................639
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
Racial Discrimination, 1965............................................................................639
Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989..............................................640
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination
against Women, 1979.......................................................................................641
Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and
of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief, 1981 .................................642
Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or
Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities, 1992.......................................642
Human Rights in the Administration of Justice: A Manual on Human Rights for Judges, Prosecutors and Lawyers