Contents 2.4 3. Legal Requirements as to Places of Detention and Registration of Detainees and Prisoners..................................................................................334 3.1 3.2 4. 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Basic principles governing detention and imprisonment...........................337 Accommodation...............................................................................................339 4.2.1 Separation of categories.............................................................................341 Personal hygiene, food, health and medical services ..................................342 Religion ..............................................................................................................348 Recreational activities ......................................................................................349 Solitary confinement........................................................................................350 4.6.1 Incommunicado detention..........................................................................352 Contacts with the Outside World..................................................................356 5.1 5.2 6. Official recognition of all places of detention .............................................334 Registration of detainees and prisoners ........................................................335 Conditions of Detention and Imprisonment...............................................337 4.1 4.2 5. 2.3.3 Corporal punishment................................................................................330 2.3.4 Medical or scientific experimentation.........................................................331 Torture and law enforcement officials, health personnel and prosecutors........................................................................................................332 Contact with family members and friends: visits and correspondence.................................................................................................356 5.1.1 The rights of visitors to detainees and prisoners..........................................358 Contact with lawyers: visits and correspondence........................................360 Inspection of Places of Detention and Complaints Procedures ..............365 6.1 6.2 Inspection of places of detention ..................................................................365 Complaints procedures....................................................................................366 7. The Role of Judges, Prosecutors and Lawyers in Preventing and Remedying Unlawful Treatment of Persons Deprived of their Liberty................................................................................................................369 8. Concluding Remarks ......................................................................................370 Chapter 9 The Use of Non-Custodial Measures in the Administration of Justice ............................................371 Learning Objectives.................................................................................................371 Questions ..................................................................................................................371 Relevant Legal Instruments....................................................................................372 1. Introduction......................................................................................................373 1.1 The purpose of non-custodial measures and the Tokyo Rules.................373 Human Rights in the Administration of Justice: A Manual on Human Rights for Judges, Prosecutors and Lawyers xiii

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