upon the introduction of the new article 20.2(b). This, he submits, is a selfstanding provision, expressly conferring the individual right to vote on citizens of the Union in respect of European Parliamentary and municipal elections. In my opinion, it is clear that that is not the effect of article 20.2(b). As its opening sentence proclaims, article 20 deals with the enjoyment of rights provided in the Treaties. What follow are some of the basic rights so enjoyed. They all have a supra-national element. Article 20.2(b) is thus expressly limited to recording the existence of the right of Union citizens to vote and stand in municipal and European Parliamentary elections in their Member State of residence “under the same conditions as nationals of that State”. The omission of express reference to the fact that this is dealing with citizens resident in a State other than that of their nationality is entirely understandable in the context of what was intended as a concise summary. That fact is anyway implicit. The detailed Treaty provisions regarding the rights to which article 20.2(b) refers are contained in article 22.1 and 22.2, which would on Mr O’Neill’s case in fact be not only redundant but also positively misleading in their limitation to the situation of residence in a Member State other than that of nationality. The position is further confirmed by articles 39 and 40 CFR, which again would be positively misleading in their limitation to that situation, and by the Explanations to the CFR which explicitly equate articles 20.2 and 22: see para 16 above. There is no basis for or likelihood in Mr O’Neill’s supporting submission that article 20.2(b) was expressly aimed at, in effect, endorsing Advocate General Tizzano’s views as to where European Union law was or should go in conferring individual rights. Had that been remotely intended, quite different explicit language would have been used. Non-discrimination 60. The other limb of Mr O’Neill’s submissions involves reliance on the principle of non-discrimination applied in Eman and Sevinger. The infringement there consisted in unequal treatment by Dutch law in relation to voting in European Parliamentary elections by Netherlands nationals in comparable situations. The most fundamental area in which this principle has always manifested itself is in relation to discrimination on the grounds of nationality: see article 7 of the original EEC Treaty, now article 18 TFEU, which provides: “Within the scope of application of the Treaties, and without prejudice to any special provisions contained therein, any discrimination on the grounds of nationality shall be prohibited.” But the principle has achieved much wider application. Article 13.1 EC (now substantially reproduced as article 19.1 TFEU) provides: Page 32