Acknowledgments The author and editors would like to thank: Justice José Luis Vargas Valdez for providing a thoughtful foreword to the paper and for his ongoing partnership with IFES on electoral justice; Jérôme Leyraud and Rebecca Cox for their thoughtful peer review of the draft paper; Adele Ravidà, Typhaine Roblot, Renata Levovski and Ioana Cosma for sharing detailed information on current legal issues facing North Macedonia, Myanmar, Kyrgyzstan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo; Alexandra Brown for research support; and Keaton Van Beveren, Janine Duffy and Abigail Gampher for their copy editing and design work. -2- International Foundation for Electoral Systems