Election Investigations Guidebook the complaints procedure guarantee that: “All personal particulars of a complainant will be treated in strict confidence.”465 Thus, the key tension relates to how investigative authorities can reconcile the seemingly competing obligations of transparency and confidentiality. To do this, investigators should take steps to inform the public about the investigative process while simultaneously protecting the confidentiality of individual investigations. For example, once each matter is resolved, inves- Balancing Transparency and Confidentiality Investigative authorities must reconcile the seemingly competing obligations of transparency and confidentiality. Through openness and transparency in their work, investigative bodies can enhance their credibility, demonstrate their impartiality, and entrench their institutional independence. tigative records should be made available in a public archive.466 Relevant stakeholders may also share information with the public through awareness campaigns. For example, prior to the 2008 elections, the Election Commission of Bhutan used print, audio, and visual media, along with one-on-one classroom sessions in villages, to carry out a multi-faceted civic education strategy. These campaigns, as well as separate briefings for candidates and political parties, permitted the Election Commission to explain the dispute resolution process to the public, among other things.467 Election commissions conducting similar voter education campaigns could explain the investigation process as part of their outreach efforts. Investigative authorities must reconcile the seemingly competing obligations of transparency and confidentiality. Through openness and transparency in their work, investigative bodies can enhance their credibility, demonstrate their impartiality, and entrench their institutional independence. Investigative bodies should publish internal guidelines and other procedural documents, such as manuals or codes of conduct, that govern their work. 465 Hong Kong, Complaints Handling Policy, at 19. 466 See generally supra “thoroughly”, p. 26 (discussing the requirement of accurate record-keeping and document retention). 467 130 Orozco-Henríquez et al., supra note 101, at 120–21.