INDEX accountability of investigative bodies and investigators, 105–122 codes of conduct, 108–109 continuity of evidence possession, 119–120 direction setting, supervision, and evaluation, 105–106 disciplinary measures, 109–114 external mechanisms for, 115–116 inspection of evidence control area, 122 internal mechanisms for, 106–107 international human rights guarantees, 110–112 investigator performance evaluation, 107–108 liability framework for electoral investigations, 109–110, 113–114 maintenance of proper chain of evidence, 118–119 security of evidence, 120–122 standard operating procedures (SOPs), 116–118, 121 administrative conduct and electoral dispute resolution, 16–17, 19 Afghanistan codes of conduct for election officials, 109 complaint receipt process, 25 corruption elimination, 141 pre-determined evidence types, 56 recruitment of investigative staff, 101–102 substantiation and corroboration of evidence, 57–58 triage and prompt investigations, 41 African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance, 50 African Union Declaration on the Principles Governing Democratic Elections in Africa, 50 Aliyev v. Azerbaijan, 95–96 American Bar Association accountability of investigative bodies and investigators, 107, 108, 115 competence of investigative bodies and investigators, 99 evidence SOPs, 120 investigation planning and prompt investigations, 48 professionalism of investigative bodies and investigators, 104 recruitment of investigative staff, 101 timelines and prompt investigations, 49–50 training and professional development for investigative staff, 103 Armenia complaint receipt process, 27–28 dismissal of complaint/summary judgment, 34 impostor voting investigation process, 17 assessment complaint triage and preliminary assessment, 28–31 election dispute resolution (EDR) process, 23–24 preliminary assessment and prompt investigations, 44–47 Atakishi v. Azerbaijan, 78–79 audits, 20 Australia codes of conduct for election officials, 109 complaint receipt process, 25 confidentiality of investigations, 129 corruption elimination, 142 formal or full fact-finding or investigation process, 36 independent and impartial investigations, 126 preliminary assessment and prompt investigations, 44–45 preservation of records, 89 145