Election Investigations Guidebook interview” because it provides a firsthand account of the interviewee’s testimony.179 There are several different ways in which statements can be taken: 1. The investigator can direct the interviewee to write down his or her own statement in a free narrative format. 2. The investigator can take the statement in a guided narrative format, proceeding through the interview point-by-point and asking the interviewee to write down their statement as they go along. 3. The investigator can opt to use a question and answer format, particularly if the interviewee is illiterate. Canadian election investigators often use this method.180In this approach, the investigator notes the interviewee’s answers directly onto the list of written questions, like filling in a worksheet, and adopts this record as the statement. The interviewee (or the investigator, if the interviewee is illiterate) then reads through the statement to confirm its completeness and makes changes if needed.181 Regardless of the chosen method, it is considered good practice for the investigator, the interviewee, and any other individuals present to sign and date each page of the completed statement as a way of acknowledging its accuracy. Video and audio recordings can also be used. As demonstrated in the text box on the previous page, Bhutan’s Election Dispute Resolution Manual addresses many of these considerations. As the Uniform Guidelines on Investigations make clear, all investigative activity should be documented in writing.182 Human rights standards for police investigations further specify that police officials should “keep a detailed record of all interviews conducted.”183 Therefore, election investigators must take care to thoroughly document the interview process before, during, and after the interview itself so that they can later rely on a definitive and indepth record when formulating their findings. Investigators should engage 179 Christopher D. Hoffman, Int’l Found. for Protection Officers, Investigative Interviewing: Strategies and Techniques 15 (2005), http://www.ifpo.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/interviewing.pdf; see also Canadian Investigators’ Manual Ch. 11, supra note 168, at 32–33 (explaining the importance of a witness statement). 180 Id. at 34. 181 See generally Canadian Investigators’ Manual Ch. 11, supra note 168, at 15–17. 182 Uniform Guidelines 2009, supra note 25, ¶ 35. 183 Human Rights Standards and Practice for the Police, supra note 111. 72