Election Investigations Guidebook with the national regulatory framework and to educate investigators on the importance of accurate and reliable recordkeeping. Most importantly, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has published a widely accepted international standard on records management—ISO 15489.260 The ISO 15489 is used by the United Nations in its own records management system261 and has been adopted by more than 100 national standard bodies.262 Broad in scope, the standard covers records management in all organizations, large or small, public or private, and serves as a benchmark for best practices, providing guidance on the design and implementation of a records management system. The standard emphasizes that records should be authentic, reliable, integral or whole, and useable or useful.263 It also stresses that a robust records system should be comprehensive and systematic, demonstrating reliability, integrity, and compliance.264 ARMA International, a professional association for records and information managers, espouses a similar set of standards.265 Developed from the international records management standard, analogous national standards, and court case law, ARMA’s Generally Accepted Recordkeeping Principles underscore that document retention and records management policies should be based on accountability, integrity, protection, compliance, availability, retention, disposition, and transparency.266 In the United States, document retention, especially the retention of elec260 ISO 15489-1:2001 – Information and Documentation – Records Management – Part 1: General, Int’l Org. for Standardization (2001) [hereinafter ISO 15489]. A companion standard provides additional guidance on implementation; see ISO/TR 15489-2:2001 – Information and Documentation – Records Management – Part 2: Guidelines, Int’l Org. for Standardization (2001). For a plain-language summary of the standard, see Johanna Gunnlaugsdottir, An International Standard on Records Management: An Opportunity for Librarians, Libri 52, 231–240 (2002). 261 See United Nations Archives and Records Management Section, Polices, Standards and Guidelines (2012), https://archives. un.org/‌content/‌our-policies-standards-and-guidelines. 262 For a complete list of the 120 countries that have adopted ISO standards nationally, see ISO Members, Int’l Org. for Standardization, http://www.iso.org/iso/home/about/iso_members.htm?membertype=membertype_MB (last visited Jan. 13, 2015). 263 ISO 15489, supra note 261, at 7. 264 Id. at 8–9. 265 See generally ARMA Int’l, supra note 258. ARMA International is the world’s oldest and largest non-profit professional association for records and information management, with more than 10,000 members worldwide. It was a key contributor to the development of ISO 15489. Originally, ARMA was the acronym for the Association of Records Managers and Administrators. To reflect an expansion of the profession to information governance, the association’s board of directors decided to discontinue using ARMA as an acronym and adopted “ARMA International” as a general descriptor of the association. 266 86 ARMA Int’l, supra note 258.