Election Investigations Guidebook timelines and prompt investigations, 49 triage, 40 evidence analyzing evidence and presenting findings, 77–79 chain of custody, 117, 118–122 continuity of evidence possession, 119–120 election technology and evidential considerations, 65 inspection of evidence control area, 122 pre-determined evidence types, 56–57 and resolution of electoral disputes, 15–17, 19 search and seizure, 67–68 security of evidence, 120–122 sources of, 63–64 standard operating procedures (SOPs), 116–118, 121 substantiation and corroboration of, 57–63 thresholds for full investigations, 64–67 types of, 62 executive branch, independence and impartiality of investigators, 18 external mechanisms for accountability of investigative bodies and investigators, 115–122 fact-finding adjudication procedures for electoral dispute resolution, 15–17, 18 formal or full fact-finding or investigation process, 35–36 fairness fundamental fairness and burden of proof, 32 independent and impartial investigations, 125–126 findings analyzing evidence and presenting findings, 77–79 formal or full fact-finding or investigation process, 35–36 France, triage and prompt 148 investigations, 41–42 functional and non-retaliatory immunity, 142–144 fundamental fairness and burden of proof, 32 Gandhi, Indira, 61–62 Grosaru v. Romania, 94 Guidebook described, 8–9 development of, 11–12 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights as basis for, 12 structure of, 12–14 Guidelines for Understanding, Adjudicating, and Resolving Disputes in Elections (GUARDE), 15, 31 Guinea, complaint triage and preliminary assessment, 29 Hajili v. Azerbaijan, 59–60 Hong Kong, confidentiality of investigations, 129–130 human rights independent and impartial investigations, 125–126 international human rights guarantees, 110–112 United Nations Human Rights Committee, 49, 124, 125, 134 immunity, functional and nonretaliatory immunity, 142–144 independent and impartial investigations, 123–144 conflicts of interest, 133–137 described, 14, 19–20, 37, 123, 124 fairness, 125–126 functional and non-retaliatory immunity, 142–144 integrity and incorruptibility, 138–142 objectivity, 126–133 transparency and confidentiality, 130 Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC), 32 India, substantiation and corroboration of evidence, 61–63 Indonesia