Index
accurate record-keeping, 83
complaint dismissal/summary
judgment, 35
complaint receipt process, 26
conducting interviews, 69–70
confidentiality of investigations, 129
interview documentation, 74
objectivity of investigative body, 127
reporting, referral, and notification,
81
Inkatha Freedom Party v. Independent
Electoral Commission, 96
integrity and incorruptibility, 138–142
internal mechanisms for accountability
of investigative bodies and
investigators, 106–114
International Code of Conduct for Public
Officials, 125, 137
International Covenant on Civil and
Political Rights (ICCPR), 12, 19
International Foundation for Electoral
Systems (IFES), 18–19
international human rights guarantees,
110–112
International Institute for Democracy
and Electoral Assistance (IDEA), 128
International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) standard on
records management, 86
Inter-Parliamentary Union Declaration
on Criteria for Free and Fair
Elections, 51
interviews
conducting interviews, 68–70, 74–76
documentation, 71–74
ethical and professional
interviewers, 76
interviewees’ legal rights, 77
interviewers’ communication skills,
76
preparation, 70–71
questioning and taking statements,
71
investigations process
burden of proof, 31–32
complaint receipt, 24–28
complaint triage and preliminary
assessment, 28–31
described, 23–24
dismissal of complaint/summary
judgment, 33–35
election dispute resolution (EDR)
process, 23–24
formal or full fact-finding or
investigation process, 35–36
See also effective investigations;
independent and impartial
investigations; prompt
investigations; thorough
investigations
investigators
independence and impartiality of,
18
objectivity of, 131–133
performance evaluation, 107–108
jurisdiction
civil versus criminal jurisdictions,
21–22
complaint triage and preliminary
assessment, 28–29
defined mandate for investigation,
92–96
Kenya
burden of proof, 32
civil procedures and evidence rules,
57
timelines and prompt investigations,
52
Kosovo
dismissal of complaint/summary
judgment, 34
substantiation and corroboration of
evidence, 59
triage and prompt investigations,
42–43
Lebanon, investigation mandate, 95
legal frameworks for electoral dispute
resolution, 15–17
liability framework for electoral
investigations, 109–110, 113–114
Liberia
accurate record-keeping, 83
formal or full fact-finding or
investigation process, 36
investigation mandate, 95
substantiation and corroboration of
evidence, 59
149