Chapter 1: International Standards will not be directly involved in resolving electoral complaints, but other staff will have specific roles and thus they will need specific training on the claim process, investigation, and adjudication. Expectations will be higher for the arbiters of the adjudicatory body, but administrative staff should also be aware of the rules and procedures that must be followed in the resolution of electoral complaints. States should allocate adequate resources for electoral management bodies to provide ongoing training for their staff to improve their professional qualifications.275 The electoral management body should also focus on educating candidates and the general public about the electoral complaints process. Instructively, in April 2009 the Pakistan Electoral Commission, in collaboration with IFES, held a workshop to inform and train electoral judges and staff on the principles and practices of electoral dispute resolution.276 The purpose of the meeting was to raise awareness of the system, and to provide a starting point for standardizing and streamlining the complaint adjudication process.277 The electoral management body should also plan and develop such trainings and thus provide officials and the general public with the necessary information on the right of redress.278 A recent example is the assistance that IFES provided to the Ukrainian Central Election Commission in 2009 on a training program for the 2010 presidential and future elections.279 IFES developed training strategies, methodologies and offered a series of recommendations for the training of the staff from the Central Election Commission, the District Election Commissions (DECs), and the Precinct Election Commissions (PECs). These recommendations encour- Commonwealth Convention, supra note 39, art. 19, § 2(i). Vickery, supra note 34, at 14; see also Farrah Naz, Improving Pakistan’s Election Complaints System, IFES (May 13, 2009), http://www.ifes.org/Content/Publications/Opinions/2009/May/ Improving-Pakistans-Election-Complaints-System.aspx. 277 Vickery, supra note 34, at 15. 278 Grant Kippen, Elections in 2009 and 2010: Technical and Contextual Challenges to Building Democracy in Afghanistan 10 (2008) (“The ECC’s most significant challenge during the 2005 elections was its lack of time and resources for the effective planning and managing of its many programmatic activities. The key will be to start the planning cycle early, and to give it the complete independence and resources it needs to fully meet its mandate.” (internal citations omitted)), available at http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docId/492c0e5b2.html. 279 IFES, Ukraine Election Management Body Training Assessment Report (2009) (“IFES conducted a study in May and June on the past and currently planned training programs to prepare commission members prior to elections in Ukraine. The report summarizes training strategies, methodologies, and materials, and offers a series of recommendations for the training program.”), available at http://www.ifes.org/publication/7b42caa0658b67bc7b4d1cd 963bfb70f/TNA_Ukraine_Eng.pdf. 275 276 85