Guidelines for Understanding, Adjudicating,
and Resolving Disputes in Elections
aged the Central Election Commission to develop a manual that includes
the electoral commissioners’ duties in light of the general rules to adjudicate
complaints, the handling of Election Day complaints at PECs, and the adjudication of complaints at DECs.280
Training of key actors in the electoral complaint adjudication process should
obviously include arbiters, judges and lawyers. In East Timor in 2007, the
credibility of the complaints process was assisted by six Timorese lawyers
that IFES hired, paid and trained as complaints officers and who worked
to assess complaints and make recommendations to the Commission.
281
IFES has also implemented important projects in Nigeria and the Philippines
to effectively train judges. Additionally, in Georgia, IFES trained lawyers
from 18 political parties and chairmen and lawyers from 73 District Election Commissions. This training covered filing complaints, use of administrative resources, and protocol on administrative violations. It should also be
mentioned that the Mexican Electoral Tribunal provides technical assistance
to other courts or to complaints adjudication entities abroad regarding the
training of their arbiters.282
D. The Media
The media is also an important component of the organization and conduct of an election. The media has a responsibility to cover the topic of
election complaints accurately, and a civic obligation to report violations or
problems that may arise from an election. The media can “shine its own
spotlight on the election process and expose corruption or other illegal
activities.”283 The media also has a responsibility to understand and abide
by regulations governing the media’s role in an election process (e.g. allocation of airtime, avoiding inaccurate or biased stories), in order to avoid
fuelling conflicts or becoming the object of an election complaint.
Id. at 1, 7 (describing content of training material, including Ukrainian legislation, handbook,
description of election commissioner duties, general rules for adjudicating complaints and
appeals, maintaining voters’ lists, preparing for polling, counting votes, and more).
281
IFES Timor-Leste Report, supra note 135, at 25; see also Schramm et al., supra note 2, at
11-13.
282
International Activities 2008-2009, Instituto Federal Electoral, http://www.ife.org.mx/portal/
site/ifev2/International_Activity_2008_2009/#2 (last visited Jan. 10, 2011).
283
IMPACS, Media + Election: An Election Handbook Report 12 (2004) [hereinafter IMPACS
Report].
280
86