Guidelines for Understanding, Adjudicating, and Resolving Disputes in Elections nents, and has been a consultant for IFES since 1995. He currently serves as Chief of Party for IFES Moldova and has designed and implemented training programs for election commissions in Bangladesh, Albania, Yemen, Macedonia, Indonesia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Moldova. Linda Edgeworth has nearly 30 years of experience with all aspects of the electoral process, including planning, executing, and managing technical requirements; developing and implementing procedural changes; and coordinating outreach and training with government agencies and the general public. She has been involved with domestic elections in the United States, as well as in three dozen countries around the world in more than a decade as an IFES election administration specialist. Chapter 4 Gerardo de Icaza Hernández has been the Chief of International Relations of the Federal Electoral Court of Mexico since 2007. Prior to that he was a Law Clerk for Justice Salvador Nava Gomar, and Deputy Legal Director for the Mexican Vote Abroad at the Federal Electoral Institute (IFE). He is co-author of a textbook on Public International Law (Derecho Internacional Público) published by IURE, and author of numerous articles and research papers on electoral issues, disenfranchisement, comparative law, international relations and human rights. Ernesto Ramos Mega has over 12 years of experience as an election official, during which he has coordinated the preparation and publication of books, databases, training manuals, presentations, textbooks, and websites on various topics of electoral law. He is Head of the Training Unit of the Electoral Judicial Training Center at the Electoral Court of the Federal Judiciary (TEPJF). He is responsible for coordinating training activities, both for the court staff and for electoral and party officials from around the country. Since 2001 he has been a member of the Mexican Society of Electoral Studies. Luie Tito F. Guia and Vincent Pepito F. Yambao, Jr. are members of Libertás, a civil society organization in the Philippines composed of lawyers and legal professionals engaged in advocacy works, including political and electoral reform, transparent and accountable governance, access viii