Guidelines for Understanding, Adjudicating, and Resolving Disputes in Elections General subjects are designed for the broader public that is simply interested in electoral issues, or those participants who have a basic knowledge of electoral law. Courses at this level address topics such as democratic regimes, electoral reform in Mexico, and democratic culture and the culture of electoral justice.4 These subjects are meant to construct a strong base for future comprehension of more complex concepts in electoral law, and are taught by CCJE trainers. Advanced subjects are designed for participants with strong knowledge of electoral issues, as well as electoral officers and party members. Students taking these courses learn about electoral complaints adjudication, electoral jurisprudence, and procedural electoral law. These courses are crucial to developing a full understanding of the electoral complaints adjudication process, and are also taught by CCJE trainers.5 The last thematic category is specialized subjects. These courses are directed at mid- and high-level electoral officials with the purpose of updating them in areas closely related to their duties. To take these courses, participants must demonstrate proficiency in general and advanced subjects. Specialized subjects are primarily taught through case studies so as to address both the theory and practice of the subject matter. These courses provide the necessary knowledge that an electoral judge or arbiter should possess. The curriculum includes electoral appeal, constitutional review in electoral matters, annulment of electoral results, analysis of grievances and legal/judicial writing in electoral law.6 Due to the complexities of this thematic category, the courses are taught both by CCJE trainers and by law clerks. General subjects: democratic regimes; Mexican electoral law; historic development of electoral institutions in Mexico; electoral reform in Mexico; electoral systems and party systems; political parties; electoral institutions in Mexico; democratic culture and the culture of electoral justice. 5 Advanced subjects: electoral complaints adjudication; electoral jurisprudence; procedural electoral law; the electoral constitutional and legal reform 2007-2008; federal electoral process; indigenous rights in Mexican electoral law. 6 Specialized subjects: electoral revision; electoral appeal; suits of non-conformity; electoral reconsideration; proceedings for the protection of citizen’s political and electoral rights; constitutional review in electoral matters; labor complaint proceedings in federal electoral institutions; system of annulment of electoral results; sanctions in administrative electoral law; legal interpretation and argumentation in electoral matters; evidence in electoral law; analysis of grievances; and legal/judicial writing in electoral law. 4 174