Guidelines for Understanding, Adjudicating, and Resolving Disputes in Elections act nature of an EMB varies from country to country — it can be an independent agency, or part of a larger ministry or department. There may be one EMB overseeing all elections in the country, or every province, state or prefecture might have its own management body. The EMB may be responsible solely for election administration, or also tasked with tallying results and adjudicating complaints. In general, when the authors refer to EMBs, they are speaking of the agency that administers elections, which is generally presumed to be distinct from the election complaints adjudicatory body (due to the different functions that will be explored in this book). 8