About the Contributors Editor Chad Vickery is a legal and international election administration expert with 17 years of experience in projects that worked to strengthen democracy and governance in transitioning societies. He has extensive experience in designing and managing election complaint adjudication programs, providing comparative legal analysis, and working on elections and rule of law programs throughout South Asia, Southeast Asia, Eurasia and the Middle East. He holds a Master’s degree in International Relations from Georgetown University, a Juris Doctorate from the Catholic University of America with a concentration in comparative and international law, and a Bachelor’s degree in Political Science from the University of Washington. He is a member of the Washington State Bar. Chapter 2 Robert Dahl is a private electoral consultant located in Washington, D.C. He has been a practitioner and adviser in the field of election law since 1985. Following a position at the U.S. Federal Elections Commission, he has rapidly become a recognized expert in electoral law reform, democratization, and election administration, both in the United States and abroad. During his career, Mr. Dahl has worked on reform projects throughout the former Soviet Union and Eastern Bloc countries as well as in China, Indonesia and Thailand. He has been a regular consultant for IFES since 1993. Michael Clegg is an expert in legal review and drafting of legislation. He has been involved with the process for more than three decades, having spent much of his career working with the Canadian House of Commons and Senate as both Parliamentary Counsel and as a private attorney. He has worked as an election administrator and monitor since the late 1980s, and has been a consultant for IFES in both Iraq and Afghanistan since 2005. Chapter 3 Steven Gray has over 20 years of experience in training and 30 years of experience in monitoring and evaluating elections. He has developed and implemented election monitoring and training programs on four conti- vii