What types of data can users find in the database? The EJD presents global comparative data in a simple and user-friendly format. Data for each of the 105 questions in the database is presented in the following pattern: 1. Data. These are given mostly in the form of standardized options, such as the type of first-instance body that hears appeals (courts, EMBs), the entities that can submit the complaints (candidates, voters), or as simple yes/no answers. If some data do not fall under any of the standard options, they come under the option ‘other’. 2. Comments. Whenever necessary, the data is supported by additional comments or clarifications. These are meant to provide in-depth information about national practices or explain complexities in the interpretation of legal documents. 3. Sources. These are meant to support the data and mostly consist of quotes from the legal documents or paragraphs from other materials used in the study. Each data point in the database has its corresponding source. Hyperlinks to the full text of laws or other material are provided if the text is available online.1 Since the four parts of the EJD cover different categories of electoral disputes, the number and type of questions in each part also differ. Appendix B lists all questions in each part of the EJD. The decision about the questions included in each part of the EJD was made in consultation with leading elections experts. The experts made sure that the questions represent the crucial stages and components of a standard EDR procedures. For instance, Figure 3.1 is a graphic representation of the entire EDR process dealing with election results, where most of the questions in Part 1 of the EJD are located. Sources for the data The comparative data in the EJD is based on the text of the law. Since, in theory, resolution of electoral disputes should follow the procedures established by the law, the legal frameworks governing electoral justice provide a reliable source of data on EDR systems. However, it should be acknowledged that the strength of legal frameworks varies from country to country. Some frameworks contain vague provisions or gaps, which may result in inconsistent or unfair application of the law. This means that by having the law as the only source for the data, the EJD can help to identify such problems in the legislation, and potentially contribute to reform initiatives. However, it should also be noted that, for a variety of reasons, some countries may not follow the letter of the law on EDR. Thus, even if the EJD finds that the EDR procedures are well 1 If no hyperlink is provided, the text of the laws or other material are not available online. Users interested in the full text of the sources can contact International IDEA using the templates provided to request copies of the source documents. 14