Figure 4.2. First- and last-instance bodies dealing with disputes related to the nomination and registration of electoral contestants First-instance EDR bodies dealing with electoral disputes* The last-instance EDR bodies dealing with electoral disptues (if decision of the first instance EDR body can be appealed) 50 countries In 83 countries, decisions of the first-instance EDR body cannot be appealed. There is only one level of adjudication COURTS OF GENERAL JURISDICTION (INCLUDING SUPREME COURT) 46 EMB (HIGHEST LEVEL) Summary of the lastinstance EDR bodies 40 countries 23 SUPREME COURT, HIGH COURT, OR COURT OF APPEALS EMB (LOWER LEVEL) 20 CONSTITUTIONAL COURT/ COUNCIL 12 ELECTION TRIBUNAL/ COURT 11 ADMINISTRATIVE COURT 8 OTHER TYPES OF BODIES 9 EMB (HIGHEST LEVEL) 8 ADMINISTRATIVE COURT 4 4 4 CONSTITUTIONAL COURT/ COUNCIL EL. TRIBUNAL/ COURT OTHER TYPES OF BODIES * Refers to number of countries having each EDR body in the first instance. Some countries have more than one type of EDR body that processes disputes in the first instance. For this reason, the total number of countries in the first-instance column is greater than that in the lastinstance column. Notes: Data for 173 countries. Graph represents the data in the EJD as of August 2015. 32