(1880) (1878) 26 Law Ed 314 5 Ind App 178 103 US 471 ILR 4 Cal 172 (PC) 433 583, 613 (1878) (1876) (1874) 97 U. S. 454 3 Dall 199 17 Am Rep 405 24 L Ed 1071 1 Law Ed 568 48 Cal 36 568 568A 344 (1871) (1869) 13 Wall 646 1 O’M & H 295 20 L Ed 685 21 LT 306 568 144 (1863) (1856) (1842) 14 CBNS 180 19 How 393 4 Moo PC 63 143 ER 414 15 Law Ed 691 13 ER 225 566 526, 568A 594 (1842) (1839) (1824) 8 Cl & F 710 112 ER 1112 9 Wheat 1 8 ER 279 9 Ad & E 1 6 L Ed 23 368 544, 545 568 (1803) (1763) (1703) 1 Cranch 137 19 St Tr 981 14 St Tr 695 2 L Ed 69 1 Er 417 203, 553,625 81 376 (1610) (1603) 381US 8 Co Rep 118 A 1 Hatsell 157 437 77 ER 646 381 US 437 11 How St Tr 821 547, 550 72, 301 544, 545 JUDGMENT Present:- A.N. Ray, C.J., H.R. Khanna, K.K. Mathew, M.H. Beg, and Y.V. Chandrachud, JJ. M/s. A. K. Sen, J. N. Kaushal, D.P. Singh Sr. Advocates (M/s. J.B. Dadachanji. R.H. Debar, Madun Gujadhur. S.C. Agarwal, Yogeshwar Prasad, H.K.L. Bhagat, Sudhir Bera and K.P. Bhandri and Mrs. Anjali K. Verma Advocates with them). for Appellant. Mr. Shanti Bhushan, Sr. Advocate (M/s. J.P. Goyal, R.C. Dvivedi, R.C. Srivastava, Pranab Chatterjee, S.S. Khanduja, E.C. Agarwala, C.K. Ratnaparkhi, M.C. Gupta, T. N. Porwar, U.N. R. Rao, S.K. Garg, B. Soloman, K.C. Dua Raghunath Singh and Sripal Singh Advocates with him). for Respondent No. 1. Mr. Niren De. Attorney General for India. Mr. Lal Narain Sinha, Solicitor General for India and Dr. V.A. Sayid Mohammad, Senior Advocates (M/s. R. N. Sachthey, P.P. Rao, Miss Sumitra Chkravarty and Mr. S.P. Nayar Advocate with them) for the Attorney General for India). Judgments of the Court were delivered by RAY, C.J. : – In Civil Appeal No. 887 of 1975 the appellant is Indira Nehru Gandhi and the respondent is Raj Narain. Civil Appeal No. 909 of 1975 is the cross objection of the respondent. On 14 July, 1975 it was directed that both the appeals would be heard together. The appeal arise out of the judgment of the High Court of Allahabad dated 12 June, 1975. The High Court held that the appellant held herself out as a candidate from 29 December, 1970 and was guilty of having committed corrupt practice by having obtained the assistance of Gazetted Officers in furtherance of her election prospects. The High Court

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