• 18 U.S.C. § 611 – voting by aliens; • 52 U.S.C. § 10307(c) – payments for voting and conspiracies to encourage illegal voting; • 52 U.S.C. § 10307(e) – multiple-voting; • 52 U.S.C. § 20511(1) – voter intimidation; and • 52 U.S.C. § 20511(2) – fraudulent voting. STATUTES 15 1. Conspiracy Against Rights: 18 U.S.C. § 241 Section 241 makes it unlawful for two or more persons to “conspire to injure, oppress, threaten, or intimidate any person in any State, Territory, Commonwealth, Possession, or District in the free exercise or enjoyment of any right or privilege secured to him by the Constitution or laws of the United States.” Violations are punishable by imprisonment for up to ten years or, if death results, by imprisonment for any term of years or for life, or by a sentence of death. The Supreme Court long ago recognized that the right to vote for federal offices is among the rights secured by Article I, Sections 2 and 4, of the Constitution, and hence is protected by Section 241. United States v. Classic, 313 U.S. 299 (1941); Ex parte Yarborough, 110 U.S. 651 (1884). Although the statute was enacted just after the Civil War to address efforts to deprive the newly emancipated slaves of the basic rights of citizenship, such as the right to vote, it has been interpreted to The text of the statutes discussed below is printed in Appendix C. Each statute carries, in addition to the prison term noted, fines applicable under 18 U.S.C. § 3571. 15 33