Fed. Election Comm’n v. Wis. Right to Life, 551 U.S. 449 (2007) .................................................................. 135 Fed. Election Comm’n v. Nat'l Right to Work Comm., 459 U.S. 197 (1982). ......................................................... 203, 204 Fed. Election Comm'n v. Mass. Citizens for Life, Inc., 479 U.S. 238 (1986)................................................................................. 126 Fieger v. U.S. Attorney General, 542 F.3d 1111 (6th Cir. 2008) .. 151 Fields v. United States, 228 F.2d 544 (4th Cir. 1955) .................... 35 First Nat'l Bank of Boston v. Bellotti, 435 U.S. 765 (1978) ................................................................. 134 Fotie v. United States, 137 F.2d 831 (8th Cir. 1943) ..................... 63 Guinn v. United States, 238 U.S. 347 (1915) ............................. 20 Haas v. Henkel, 216 U.S. 462 (1910) ........................................... 162 Hammerschmidt v. United States, 265 U.S. 182 (1924) ........... 162 In re Coy, 127 U.S. 731 (1888)........................................ 19, 36, 56 Ingber v. Enzor, 664 F. Supp. 814 (S.D.N.Y. 1987) ............ 26 Kennedy v. Lynd, 306 F.2d 222 (5th Cir. 1962) ............................. 76 Langer v. United States, 76 F.2d 817 (8th Cir. 1935)................ 100 Marcus v. Holder, 574 F.3d 1182 (9th Cir. 2009)......................... 151 McConnell v. Fed. Election Comm'n, 540 U.S. 93 (2003) ............................................................... passim McCormick v. United States, 500 U.S. 257 (1991) ....................... 122 McCutcheon v. Fed. Election Comm'n, 134 S. Ct. 1434 (2014).............................................................. 130 McIntosh v. United States, 385 F.2d 274 (8th Cir. 1967) ................ 66 McNally v. United States, 483 U.S. 350 (1987) ...................... passim Nat'l Right to Work Comm. v. Fed. Election Comm'n, 716 F.2d 1401 (D.C. Cir. 1983)............................................................... 154 Newberry v. United States, 256 U.S. 232 (1918) ......................... 20 Nixon v. Shrink Missouri PAC, 528 U.S. 377 (2000).................... 131 Oregon v. Mitchell, 400 U.S. 112 (1970) .................................... 36 Perrin v. United States, 444 U.S. 37 (1979) .................................. 64 Pipefitters v. United States, 407 U.S. 385 (1972).............. 135, 205 Ratzlaf v. United States, 510 U.S. 135 (1994) ......................... 153, 154 Reynolds v. Sims, 377 U.S. 533 (1964) .................................... 20, 36 Rutan v. Republican Party of Illinois, 497 U.S. 62 (1990) .................................................... 100, 101, 108 Ryan v. United States, 99 F.2d 864 (8th Cir. 1938)........................ 35 276