LESSONS ON THE USE OF TECHNOLOGY IN ELECTIONS Table of Contents Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................................................... 5 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................. 7 What is Election Technology and its Role in Elections?....................................................................................... 9 Impact of the Use of Technology on Election-Related Court Proceedings and Remedies ................................ 10 Issues Related to Technology Used in Elections ...................................................................................................... 13 Issue 1: Verifiability of Votes in the Use of Electronic Voting Machines ................................................................ 13 Issue 2: Ensuring a Secure, Transparent and Verifiable Electronic Results Transmission System ...................... 14 Issue 3: Discharging the Burden of Proof .............................................................................................................. 16 Issue 4: Admitting and Assessing Digital Evidence and Expert Evidence ............................................................. 17 Issue 5: Politicization of ‘Expert’ Evidence............................................................................................................. 20 Issue 6: Integrity of the Data and the Chain of Custody ........................................................................................ 22 Issue 7: Data Protection and Privacy ..................................................................................................................... 24 Issue 8: The Availability of Effective Remedies ..................................................................................................... 25 Conclusion – What Do These Select Cases Tell Us About Election Technology?.................................................... 28 4