(cont.) • decisions should be set out and justified in reasoned and fair reports, concluding with judgements that are handed down in keeping with the facts proven in the proceeding (the principle of congruence) and that assess each of the parties’ claims (the principle of exhaustiveness); and • the full enforcement of the judgement guaranteed. f) Full and timely enforcement of judgements and rulings 380. The full and timely enforcement of the judgements and rulings handed down in response to challenges is of the utmost importance in any EDR system. Enforcement of the judgements handed down by the authority with jurisdiction is a public policy question, and all the authorities are duty bound to contribute to their full enforcement. It would be of no use for an EDRB to acknowledge that a particular political party or citizen is correct on a given matter and grant a specific remedy if it does not have effective means of ensuring the full and timely enforcement of its ruling and of the remedy or correction ordered. 381. Once the judgement or decision in an electoral dispute has been handed down, rules should be observed with a view to its full enforcement. For example, when the obligation consists of carrying out a certain action, the person or body under this obligation should be subject to a realistic time frame for doing so, depending on the circumstances. This time frame should be set out in the judgement or ruling. If after that time has passed the action has not been carried out, the EDRB should be authorized to impose some measures to compel the person or entity under the obligation to do so. It may consider an array of possible sanctions that take account of the seriousness and, where applicable, any repetition of the omission (e.g. fine, arrest, use of government force, and even beginning the process of removal, in the case of a public servant; or the procedure for suspending or cancelling the candidacy, or the concession in the case of a broadcast media outlet). 382. When the person or entity under the obligation refuses to carry out what is ordered in a judgement, it is advisable for the EDRB to have the power to replace him, her or it in order to ensure compliance. The EDRB should have the powers to order whatever is necessary to attain full enforcement of the judgement and to repair the violation committed in order to ensure restoration of their electoral rights to the citizens, candidates, citizens’ organization, political groupings and political parties concerned. 383. It is often the case that national legislation does not provide for adequate sanctions (criminal or administrative) for failure by state institutions, public officials and media outlets, over which some EDRBs have no authority, to carry 130

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