human rights instruments African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (1981), 13, 15, 143 American Convention on Human Rights (1969), 2, 13, 15, 17, 143 American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man (1948), 13 Charter of Paris for a New Europe (1990), 13 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (1979), 13, 17 Convention on the Political Rights of Women (1962), 13, 17 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966), 13, 15, 17 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), 13, 150, 202 See also United Nations Human Rights Committee; United Nations Human Rights Council Hungary administrative challenges in, 178 dispute over use of media in, 147-8 EDRS in, 70 electoral challenges in, 162, 171-2, 178 EMB in, 70 recounts in, 171-2 I Iceland EDRS in, 66 electoral challenges in, 162 IDEA (International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance), 5, 30, 33-4, 59-60, 93, 112, 114, 138, 160, 162 IDEA publications Code of Conduct for the Ethical and Professional Administration of Elections, 30, 33, 112 Code of Conduct for International Election Observers, 34 Code of Conduct for Political Parties Campaigning in Democratic Elections, 30 228 Declaration of Principles for International Election Observation, 34 Direct Democracy: the International IDEA Handbook, 160 Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook, 60, 88, 93, 138 IDEA publications, online databases, International IDEA Electoral Justice database, 162 Unified Database, 59 India common law tradition in, 131 electoral courts in, 69, 107 EDRB in, 107 EDRS in, 131 EMB in, 60, 69 Indonesia AEDR in, 185, 187-8 arbitration, use of in, 187-8 constitutional court (Mahkamah Kontitusi), 72, 91, 96, 107, 117-8 constitution of, 96, 107 EDRBs in, 93-4 EDRS in, 59, 73, 115-8 Election Supervisory Committee for the Indonesian General Elections in 2004 (Panitia Pengawas Pemilihan Umum), 93-94 electronic justice and, 115-8 EMBs in, 158 legal traditions in, 58 quotas, 153-4 Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, 143 Inter-American Court of Human Rights, 2, 16, 51, 142-3 Castañeda Gutman vs Mexico, 2, 51 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966), 13, 15, 17, 87 Inter-Parliamentary Union’s Declaration on Criteria for Free and Fair Elections (1994), 13, 57 Ireland, Republic of constitution of, 95