Freedom of expression A universal right protected by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Article 19 provides that ‘Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive, and impart information and ideas through any media regardless of frontiers’. Free, fair and genuine elections A free, fair and genuine election emanates from an electoral process which is a real contest where there is full enjoyment of fundamental freedoms and political rights related to elections: freedom of expression, freedom of association, freedom of assembly and freedom of movement. This electoral process is supervised by an impartial electoral administration to ensure that the election is conducted fairly, impartially and in accordance with laws. Opportunities exist for independent scrutiny and access to independent review. There is a legal framework and electors are fully informed of their rights. Governmental Model EMB An EMB model where elections are organized and managed by the executive branch of government through a ministry, such as the Ministry of the Interior, and/or through local authorities. Guarantee Any legal means or instruments, which are both structural and procedural, by which values, rights or institutions that are protected or established by the legal order on behalf of the voter are assured, protected, supported, defended or safeguarded. Incompatibility A limitation in legislation of candidacy for or election to a representative position based on the perceived undesirability of a person who already holds one public position gaining access to or holding another. Independent Model EMB An EMB model where elections are organized and managed by an EMB which is institutionally independent and autonomous of the executive branch of government, and which has and manages its own budget. Infraction The act or an instance of infringing a legal or administrative provision or regulation. International challenge Those legal instruments provided for in international treaties and conventions by which those with the standing to do so may have recourse, on a subsidiary and complementary basis, to the competent body after exhausting the domestic remedies provided. 202