victims of 2007 post-election violence, it was further argued that the 3rd respondent, improperly influenced voters by issuing cheques to Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) during campaign rallies. [21] The petitioners also imputed improper conduct on several Cabinet Secretaries for allegedly campaigning for the 3rd respondent. They argued that, Cabinet Secretaries being Public Officers, are prohibited by the Constitution, the Political Parties Act (No. 11 of 2011), the Public Officer Ethics Act (No. 4 of 2003) and the Election Offences Act from participating in political activities. They thus demanded that the Cabinet Secretaries who campaigned for the 3rd respondent should be prosecuted. [22] The petitioners in addition urged the Court to declare Section 23 of the Leadership and Integrity Act, Cap. 182 of the Laws of Kenya, as unconstitutional for exempting Cabinet Secretaries from the requirement of impartiality contrary to Article 232 of the Constitution. (iii) Failure in the Process of Relaying and Transmitting Results [23] In his affidavit in support of the petition, Raila Odinga, deposed that following the history of electoral malpractices in this country, the law was amended to require the IEBC to obtain and operationalise the Kenya Integrated Electoral Management System (KIEMS) to be used in voter registration, voter identification and the transmission of results. The said system was thus intended to ensure that no malpractices in those activities are committed. Presidential  Petition  No.  1  of  2017                                                                                                                                                                                                            9  |  P a g e