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Radicado: 11001-03-28-000-2019-00090-00 (Acum.) Actor: GONZALO RAMOS ROJAS y otros de origen legal y constitucional, exclusivamente, así se expuso en la sentencia de 13 de diciembre de 2012: “…en consideración a lo exigido por el artículo 299 superior el régimen de inhabilidades de los diputados será fijado por la ley y no podrá ser menos estricto que el señalado para los congresistas en lo que corresponda. Con sujeción a lo anterior, menos aún podrá una norma dictada para el fuero interior de un partido político establecer inhabilidad alguna” (Negrilla fuera de texto original). Ahora, en fallo más reciente del 8 de agosto de 201918, ratificó la tesis según la cual las inhabilidades de origen estatutario carecen de la entidad suficiente para ser considerada causal de nulidad electoral, así: “…las normas estatutarias de los partidos, herramientas fundamentales para el buen desempeño del colegiado partidista, de sus directivos, militantes, adeptos y en general constituye la declaración programática vinculante para el colegiado, dada la importancia que para la democracia del país constituyen los partidos y movimientos políticos, al punto que dichos estatutos deben ser registrados ante el CNE, como máximo órgano electoral administrativo, conforme a las voces de la Ley 1475 de 2011, en su artículo 3º y en la que respecto de la inscripción de candidatos indica en el artículo 28, incluye los estatutos para indicar que la escogencia de los respectivos candidatos debe hacerse mediante procedimientos democráticos fijados en aquellos, pero no por ello, tienen la virtud de convertirse en fuentes de mandatos generales de obligatoria observancia para el conglomerado ni para la administración pública y menos pasibles de determinar eventos o conductas constitutivas de inhabilidad conocibles por el juez de la nulidad electoral. Muy seguramente, el incumplimiento a los Estatutos del corporativo político tenga su propia sanción al interior del partido, pero no constituye fundamento equivalente a la carga argumentativa que sea acompasa a la invocación normativa y al concepto de violación del acto administrativo o electoral y, menos cuando está de por medio una causal de inhabilidad, que itera la Sala no puede tener integración ni creación estatutaria partidista o del movimiento. Menos aún, precisamente por la taxatividad de las causales de inhabilidad, podría concebirse un hecho constitutivo de inhabilidad de origen estatutario partidista, pues sería darle la connotación de autoridad o funcionario público a quien carece de tal calidad, se refiere la Sala al partido o movimiento político” (Negrilla fuera de texto). En conclusión, la Sala en pacífica y reiterada jurisprudencia ha sostenido que las inhabilidades tienen origen exclusivo en la ley y en la Constitución Política, sus causales deben estar expresamente consagradas y los partidos políticos que en sus normas internas impongan causales inhabilitantes, diferente a las constitucionales o legales, no podrán ser tenidas en consideración como causales de nulidad electoral. 18 Consejo de Estado, Sección Quinta, Rad. No. 11001-03-28-000-2018-00124-00 (2018-00094-00 Y 2018-00097-00), M.P. Lucy Jeannette Bermúdez Bermúdez, actor: Alexandra Fonrodona Montoya y otros Calle 12 No. 7-65 – Tel: (57-1) 350-6700 – Bogotá D.C. – Colombia www.consejodeestado.gov.co 20

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Ramos Rojas v. Sanabria Chacón

Judgment

Question Presented: Whether a political party’s internal rules on candidacy criteria relating to nepotism may nullify an election of one of its registered candidates if he violated the party rules but otherwise met the eligibility criteria set up in the Constitution or statutes.

Alleged Acts: The plaintiff alleges that the defendant violated intra-party laws after marrying the sister of the outgoing governor of the province where he was running for (and eventually elected) governor. The plaintiff also alleges that the defendant’s party, the Democratic Center Political Party, passed Resolution No. 024 of 2017—which contained rules against conflicts of interest—but, upon a request by Gonzalo Ramos Rojas and others to revoke the defendant’s candidacy in line with this resolution, the party improperly passed another resolution denying the request.

Procedural history: The plaintiff requested that the National Electoral Council (CNE) revoke the defendant’s registration, but the CNE denied the request. After the announcement of the election, the plaintiff filed a complaint with the Council of State to cancel the defendant’s election due to his breach of the anti-nepotism laws and the party rules on conflict of interest.

Summary: The defendant, Salomón Andrés Sanabria Chacón, won election as governor of Casanare. At the time, he was married to Cielo Barrera Rodríguez, who is the sister of Josué Alirio Barrera Rodríguez. Barrera Rodríguez was Governor of Casanare during the previous three-year term. Plaintiff argued that Resolution No. 024 of 2017 of the Statutes of the Democratic Center Political Party, to which the defendant belongs, prohibit the participation in the election of individuals who are a spouse or permanent partner or a person up to the “fourth degree of consanguinity, second degree of affinity or first civil” with a person who is occupying the elected office they are seeking. Plaintiff also cited Article 126 of the Constitution, which aims to avoid nepotism and promote equality of candidates in an election (“Los servidores públicos no podrán en ejercicio de sus funciones, nombrar, postular, ni contratar con personas con las cuales tengan parentesco hasta el cuarto grado de consanguinidad, segundo de afinidad, primero civil, o con quien estén ligados por matrimonio o unión permanente.”) (“Public servants may not, in the exercise of their functions, appoint, apply, or contract with persons with whom they are related up to the fourth degree of consanguinity, second degree of affinity, first civil, or with whom they are linked by marriage or permanent union.”) and Article 23 of the American Convention on Human Rights to suggest that the election of the defendant would violate the political rights of citizens to participate in “authentic” elections and freely express the “will of the electors.” Defendant argued that the resolution passed by his party is not valid because it “‘enshrin[es] provisions contrary to the Constitution and the laws of the Republic.’” Defendant added that the resolution cannot be considered by a judge because the resolution “does not have the character of an administrative act.” Therefore, the law that should be used to determine the validity of the defendant’s election is Article 30 of Law 617 of 2000, which prohibits only those candidates who have familial bonds by affinity to the second degree from running for governor. The Ministerio Público also requested that the Council of State deny the plaintiff’s claims, citing the same law as the basis for candidate disqualifications. In addition, it added that Article 29(3) of Law 1475 of 2011 stipulates that “no regime of disabilities and incompatibilities for popularly elected public servants shall be superior to that established for congressmen in the Constitution.” The Council of State found that the defendant did not violate the law, and although the defendant may have contravened the party resolution, the party resolution does not have legal or constitutional force. Therefore, the plaintiff does not have cause to nullify the defendant’s election as Governor of Casanare. While the resolution passed by the defendant’s party prohibits familial bonds by affinity up to the fourth degree, Colombian law only prohibits familial bonds by affinity up to the first degree. Since the defendant Sanabria Chacón was married to the sister of former Governor Josué Alirio Barrera Rodríguez, there was only second degree of affinity between the defendant and the former governor.

Conclusion: The Council of State denied the plaintiff’s claims, and the election of defendant Sanabria Chacón remained intact.

Legal Issue(s)

Candidate Registration

Applicable Law(s): Article 126 of the Constitution; Article 23 of the American Convention on Human Rights; Article 30, Paragraph 5 of Law 617 of 2000; Article 13 of Resolution No. 024 of 2017 of the Democratic Center Political Party; Article 47 of the Civil Code

Region: Americas

Country: Colombia

Language of Decision

Spanish

Court: Constitutional Court

Election Type: General

Date of decision: Dec 3, 2020

Geolocation

Latitude: 4.623650859989211

Longitude: -74.09697385354207

: Geolocation

Primary Documents

Ramos Rojas.pdf
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Ramos Rojas v. Sanabria Chacón

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