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que propusiera nociones aceptadas para las categorías de sexo, género, orientación sexual, identidad de género y expresión de género. 257 Así, con base en las consideraciones de la CIDH y los “Principios de Yogyakarta”[59] para el análisis del caso que nos ocupa, se propone adoptar las siguientes definiciones como marco conceptual: 258 En primer lugar, el término “sexo” se refiere “a las diferencias biológicas entre el hombre y la mujer. La “intersexualidad”, por su parte, se refiere a “todas aquellas situaciones en las que el cuerpo sexuado de un individuo varía respecto al standard de corporalidad femenina o masculina culturalmente vigente”; históricamente la comprensión de esta identidad biológica específica se ha denominado a través de la figura mitológica del hermafrodita; sin embargo, se ha considerado que el término intersex es técnicamente el más adecuado. 259 Por otro lado, el término "género" se refiere a las identidades, las funciones y los atributos construidos socialmente de la mujer y el hombre y al significado social y cultural que se atribuye a esas diferencias biológicas y la “identidad de género” es la vivencia interna e individual del género tal como cada persona la siente profundamente, la cual podría corresponder o no con el sexo asignado al momento del nacimiento, incluyendo la vivencia personal del cuerpo (que podría involucrar la modificación de la apariencia o la función corporal a través de medios médicos, quirúrgicos o de otra índole, siempre que la misma sea libremente escogida) y otras expresiones de género, incluyendo la vestimenta, el modo de hablar y los modales. 260 Ahora bien, dentro de la categoría identidad de género se incluye generalmente la categoría transgenerismo o trans. Las definiciones mayormente aceptadas en relación con esta perspectiva son[60]:  Transgenerismo o trans: término paraguas –que incluye la subcategoría transexualidad y otras variaciones- utilizado para describir las diferentes variantes de la identidad de género, cuyo común denominador es la no conformidad entre el sexo biológico de la persona y la identidad de género que ha sido tradicionalmente asignada a éste. Una persona trans puede construir su identidad de género independientemente de intervenciones quirúrgicas o tratamientos médicos. Create PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API PDFCROWD

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Mexico SUP JDC 304 2018

Judgment

Question Presented: The High Chamber of the confirmed the validity of the candidacy of two transgender people (muxes in the state of Oaxaca) to occupy public posts reserved for women and revoked the registration of 15 male candidates.

Alleged Acts: On April, 2018, the Institute for Elections and Citizen Participation of Oaxaca (IEEPCO) approved to register 19 people who were self-identified as muxes or transgender, as female candidates for legislative and municipal offices within the gender quotas for women . However, the muxe community of Oaxaca considered that, out of the 19 candidacies, 17 of them were fraudulent since they were only pretending to be transgender. Based on these arguments, members of the muxe community filed a complaint with IEEPCO, against these 17 candidacies. The IEEPCO analyzed the arguments of the claim and, after obtaining some evidence on the gender identity with which these 17 candidates conducted themselves socially, opted to cancel the registration, considering that there were irregularities and that, in its opinion, they were men who had self-identified as transgender women .

Summary: In the ruling SUP-JDC-304/2018 and accumulated dated June 21, 2018, the High Chamber defined two determinant issues: the requirements that the State can demand to any person in order to: 1) prove their gender identity and 2) to access to gender quotas in electoral matters and the measures that the authorities can (and should) adopt to verify the gender identity of a person in order to avoid the fraudulent use of gender quotas. The High Chamber ruled that it is enough to inform the respective authority the gender self-identification with a manifestation that clearly indicates the intent of the person in question. They reached this conclusion for two reasons: due to the application of the principle of progressiveness and to provide the principle of parity or substantive equality a useful and non-discriminatory effect. First, the High Chamber considered that, in accordance with the provisions of articles 1st; 4th; 35th, section II; and, 41th, fourth paragraph of the Constitution, all authorities in Mexico, within the scope of their authority, have the obligation to protect and guarantee human rights, which include legal gender equality, the right to stand for election, and the prohibition of the discrimination of a person due to their gender.

Conclusion: The Electoral Tribunal realized that, as the muxe community had stated, 15 of those 17 candidates had tried to register first as men, but not getting the registration because the male gender quota was already covered, they decided to self-identify as transgender women. For this reason, the High Chamber considered that these 15 applications were contradictory with the second manifestation of self-identification arising from the request made by the IEEPCO. Therefore, independently of the express manifestation of these 15 people self-identifying to the transsexual gender, the High Chamber ordered the cancellation of the registration of these candidacies and ordered to replace them with 15 women.

Legal Issue(s)

Candidate Registration
Gender
Quotas

Region: Americas

Country: Mexico

Language of Decision

Spanish

Court: Electoral Court

Election Type: General

Date of decision: Jun 21, 2018

Geolocation

Latitude: 19.433186441267804

Longitude: -99.13401777615888

: Geolocation

Primary Documents

Mexico- SUP-JDC-304-2018.pdf
Spanish
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Election Judgments - IFES

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Mexico SUP JDC 304 2018

Primary Documents

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