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283 En términos electorales, la autoadscripción sexo-genérica -como sucede con la indígena- tiene que hacérsele saber a la autoridad respectiva con una manifestación que denote claramente la voluntad de la persona en cuestión. 284 En efecto, la Corte Interamericana ha señalado que el derecho a la identidad se encuentra en estrecha relación con la autonomía de la persona y significa que son seres que se autodeterminan y se autogobiernan, es decir, que son dueñas de sí mismas y de sus actos[73]. Asimismo, ha concluido que [e]l reconocimiento de la afirmación de la identidad sexual y de género como una manifestación de la autonomía personal es un elemento constitutivo y constituyente de la identidad de las personas que se encuentra protegido por la Convención Americana[74]. 285 En consecuencia, contrario a lo alegando en las demandas, el Estado no debe ni puede exigir un comportamiento social específico, una apariencia física o cuerpo determinados; un estilo de vida privada en particular; un estado civil; unas preferencias y/o orientaciones sexuales; un reconocimiento comunitario ni que tengan o no descendencia, para tener por comprobada la identidad sexo-genérica de una persona[75]. Lo contrario sería discriminatorio y equivaldría a colocar la decisión de lo correcto de la identidad en factores externos a la persona. 286 La CoIDH ha señalado[76] que un aspecto central del reconocimiento de la dignidad lo constituye la posibilidad de todo ser humano de autodeterminarse y escoger libremente las opciones y circunstancias que le dan sentido a su existencia, conforme a sus propias opciones y convicciones. En este marco juega un papel fundamental el principio de la autonomía de la persona, el cual veda toda actuación estatal que procure la instrumentalización de la persona, es decir, que lo convierta en un medio para fines ajenos a las elecciones sobre su propia vida, su cuerpo y el desarrollo pleno de su personalidad, dentro de los límites que impone la Convención. De esa forma, de conformidad con el principio del libre desarrollo de la personalidad o a la autonomía personal, cada persona es libre y autónoma de seguir un modelo de vida de acuerdo con sus valores, creencias, convicciones e intereses. Create PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API PDFCROWD

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Mexico SUP JDC 304 2018

Judgment

Question Presented: The High Chamber of the confirmed the validity of the candidacy of two transgender people (muxes in the state of Oaxaca) to occupy public posts reserved for women and revoked the registration of 15 male candidates.

Alleged Acts: On April, 2018, the Institute for Elections and Citizen Participation of Oaxaca (IEEPCO) approved to register 19 people who were self-identified as muxes or transgender, as female candidates for legislative and municipal offices within the gender quotas for women . However, the muxe community of Oaxaca considered that, out of the 19 candidacies, 17 of them were fraudulent since they were only pretending to be transgender. Based on these arguments, members of the muxe community filed a complaint with IEEPCO, against these 17 candidacies. The IEEPCO analyzed the arguments of the claim and, after obtaining some evidence on the gender identity with which these 17 candidates conducted themselves socially, opted to cancel the registration, considering that there were irregularities and that, in its opinion, they were men who had self-identified as transgender women .

Summary: In the ruling SUP-JDC-304/2018 and accumulated dated June 21, 2018, the High Chamber defined two determinant issues: the requirements that the State can demand to any person in order to: 1) prove their gender identity and 2) to access to gender quotas in electoral matters and the measures that the authorities can (and should) adopt to verify the gender identity of a person in order to avoid the fraudulent use of gender quotas. The High Chamber ruled that it is enough to inform the respective authority the gender self-identification with a manifestation that clearly indicates the intent of the person in question. They reached this conclusion for two reasons: due to the application of the principle of progressiveness and to provide the principle of parity or substantive equality a useful and non-discriminatory effect. First, the High Chamber considered that, in accordance with the provisions of articles 1st; 4th; 35th, section II; and, 41th, fourth paragraph of the Constitution, all authorities in Mexico, within the scope of their authority, have the obligation to protect and guarantee human rights, which include legal gender equality, the right to stand for election, and the prohibition of the discrimination of a person due to their gender.

Conclusion: The Electoral Tribunal realized that, as the muxe community had stated, 15 of those 17 candidates had tried to register first as men, but not getting the registration because the male gender quota was already covered, they decided to self-identify as transgender women. For this reason, the High Chamber considered that these 15 applications were contradictory with the second manifestation of self-identification arising from the request made by the IEEPCO. Therefore, independently of the express manifestation of these 15 people self-identifying to the transsexual gender, the High Chamber ordered the cancellation of the registration of these candidacies and ordered to replace them with 15 women.

Legal Issue(s)

Candidate Registration
Gender
Quotas

Region: Americas

Country: Mexico

Language of Decision

Spanish

Court: Electoral Court

Election Type: General

Date of decision: Jun 21, 2018

Geolocation

Latitude: 19.433186441267804

Longitude: -99.13401777615888

: Geolocation

Primary Documents

Mexico- SUP-JDC-304-2018.pdf
Spanish
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Election Judgments - IFES

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Mexico SUP JDC 304 2018

Primary Documents

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