Contents 8. The Right to Equal Participation in Public Affairs, including Elections............................................................................................................505 8.1 8.2 8.3 9. Relevant legal provisions.................................................................................505 The interpretation of article 25 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights .................................................................................507 The interpretation of articles 7 and 8 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women...................508 Women’s Right to Equal Enjoyment of Other Human Rights ................511 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 The right to freedom of movement and residence .....................................511 The right to privacy..........................................................................................512 Freedom of thought, conscience, belief, religion, opinion, expression, association and assembly............................................................513 The right to education .....................................................................................514 10. Women’s Right to an Effective Remedy, including the Right of Access to the Courts and Due Process of Law ...........................................516 11. The Role of Judges, Prosecutors and Lawyers in Ensuring Protection of the Rights of Women..............................................................519 12. Concluding Remarks .......................................................................................520 Chapter 12 Some Other Key Rights: Freedom of Thought, Conscience, Religion, Opinion, Expression, Association and Assembly ...........................................................521 Learning Objectives.................................................................................................521 Questions ..................................................................................................................521 Relevant Legal Instruments....................................................................................522 1. Introduction......................................................................................................523 2. The Right to Freedom of Thought, Conscience and Religion..................524 2.1 2.2 2.3 xviii Relevant legal provisions.................................................................................524 General meaning of the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion........................................................................................................525 2.2.1 Article 18 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ......................................................................................................525 2.2.2 Article 8 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights..............527 2.2.3 Article 12 of the American Convention on Human Rights .......................527 2.2.4 Article 9 of the European Convention on Human Rights .........................528 The right to manifest one’s religion or belief...............................................530 2.3.1 Limitations on the right to manifest one’s religion or belief.........................533 2.3.2 Prohibitions on the freedom to manifest one’s religion or belief....................540 Human Rights in the Administration of Justice: A Manual on Human Rights for Judges, Prosecutors and Lawyers