Contents 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.1.3 The obligation of result .............................................................................703 5.1.4 The obligation to give effect: the provision of domestic remedies ...................704 African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, 1981 ..............................705 American Convention on Human Rights, 1969, and Additional Protocol in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 1988 .......................................................................................706 European Social Charter, 1961, and European Social Charter (revised), 1996...................................................................................................706 6. Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: Are they Justiciable? ....................707 7. Case Study I: The Right to Adequate Housing ...........................................710 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 8. Case Study II: The Right to Health...............................................................730 8.1 8.2 8.3 9. Introductory remarks.......................................................................................710 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: article 11(1)........................................................................................................711 7.2.1 Persons covered by the right.......................................................................712 7.2.2 Interpretative approach, including interdependence of rights ........................713 7.2.3 The concept of adequacy............................................................................713 7.2.4 Immediate legal obligations .......................................................................714 7.2.5 Domestic remedies ....................................................................................715 7.2.6 Forced evictions ........................................................................................716 Relevant European case law: The Selçuk and Asker case ............................719 Relevant domestic case law: The example of South Africa .......................721 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: article 12.............................................................................................................730 8.1.1 The normative content of article 12(1) ......................................................731 8.1.2 The meaning of the provisions in article 12(2)...........................................732 8.1.3 The obligations of States parties................................................................734 8.1.4 The core obligations ..................................................................................736 8.1.5 Violations of article 12 ............................................................................737 8.1.6 Implementation at the national level..........................................................738 Relevant domestic case law I: The example of Canada..............................740 Relevant domestic case law II: The example of India ................................744 The Role of Judges, Prosecutors and Lawyers in the Protection of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: Lessons Learned ..........................748 10. Concluding Remarks .......................................................................................748 Chapter 15 Protection and Redress for Victims of Crime and Human Rights Violations ............................................749 Learning Objectives.................................................................................................749 Questions ..................................................................................................................749 Human Rights in the Administration of Justice: A Manual on Human Rights for Judges, Prosecutors and Lawyers xxiii