He went on to say that this “general guidance” was “also confirmed by the fact that
the right in question is a fundamental right safeguarded by [A3P1]”, and to
mention in a footnote that the text of article 6(2) “need merely be borne in mind”
(paras 70 to 71). Turning to Spain’s second criticism, Advocate General Tizzano
also derived from his conclusion that individual voting was a fundamental right of
citizens of the Union a converse conclusion that it was illegitimate for the United
Kingdom to deviate to any greater extent from its statement in what was then
Annex II of the 1976 Act that “The United Kingdom will apply the provisions of
this Act only in respect of the United Kingdom”. As stated in para 49 above, the
Court of Justice adopted quite different reasoning and reached an opposite
conclusion, based simply on the United Kingdom’s obligation to give effect to the
European Court of Human Rights’ ruling in Matthews.
58.
The Court of Justice did not therefore endorse Advocate General Tizzano’s
broad approach, or import the Strasbourg jurisprudence into the general provisions
of Community and Union law referring to voting in European Parliamentary
elections. There was good reason for this. Eligibility to vote is under the Treaties
and the 1976 Act a matter for national Parliaments, one of considerable national
interest. There is no sign that the European Commission has ever sought to involve
itself in or take issue with voting eligibility in Member States or specifically with
the restrictions on prisoner voting which apply in a number of such States. The
Strasbourg jurisprudence operates as the relevant control, albeit one that has itself
proved in some respects controversial. It would not only unnecessarily duplicate
that control at the European Community or Union level, it could also lead to
further conflict and uncertainty. Hence the Court of Justice in Eman and Sevinger
confined its reasoning to a well-established core principle of Treaty law, that of
non-discrimination, in that case between different categories of Dutch national, to
which I shall return (paras 60-64 below). Further, even in the form into which they
have been shaped by the Treaty of Lisbon, it is notable that such provisions as the
European Treaties contain concerning individual voting rights are notably limited
in scope. They relate to the core Treaty concerns of equality between nationals or
Union citizens and freedom of movement within the European Union (see para 59
below). For all these reasons, I reject Mr Southey’s wider submission set out in
(paras 46-47 above).
Articles 20.2 and 22 TFEU
59.
In Mr O’Neill’s submission, the changes effected by the Treaty of Lisbon
significantly altered the Treaty position considered in Spain v United Kingdom and
Eman and Sevinger. In those cases article 19 EC was explained as confined to
stating rules of equal treatment requiring Union citizens residing in Member States
of which they were not nationals to be able to vote and stand in municipal as well
as European Parliamentary elections “under the same conditions as nationals”. The
same must apply to the current equivalent, article 22 TFEU. But Mr O’Neill relies
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