is open to reasonable doubt under the principles stated in Case 283/81 CILFIT Srl v Ministry of Health [1982] ECR 3415 and recently discussed in this Court in X v Mid Sussex Citizens Advice Bureau [2012] UKSC 59, [2013] ICR 249. In my opinion, the conclusions of European law reached in paras 45, 58, 59 and 63-64 are acte clair, and they are by themselves sufficient to resolve the appeals. Were it necessary for the decision of these appeals, I would also regard the conclusions in para 70 as acte clair. The further conclusions (again not necessary for the resolution of these appeals) reached in other paras are matters for this Court to determine, applying established principles of European law where relevant. In the circumstances, I do not consider that any reference to the Court of Justice is called for. 85. It follows that, in my opinion, both appeals should be dismissed. LADY HALE (with whom Lord Hope and Lord Kerr agree) 86. Prisoners’ voting is an emotive subject. Some people feel very strongly that prisoners should not be allowed to vote. And public opinion polls indicate that most people share that view. A YouGov poll in November 2012 found that 63% of respondents said that “no prisoners should be allowed to vote”, 15% said that those serving sentences of less than six months should be allowed to vote, 9% said that those serving less than four years should be allowed to vote, and 8% said that all prisoners should be allowed to vote. A YouGov poll in January 2011 which asked the same questions produced respective figures of 69%, 6%, 3% and 8%. This suggests that public opinion may be becoming more sympathetic to the idea, with 32% now favouring some relaxation in the present law, but there is still a substantial majority against it. It is not surprising, therefore, that in February 2011 elected Parliamentarians also voted overwhelmingly against any relaxation of the present law. 87. In such circumstances, it is incumbent upon the courts to tread delicately. As I shall explain, in my view it is now clear that the courts should not entertain a human rights claim on behalf of Mr Chester or, indeed, of Mr McGeoch had he made one. Both are serving sentences of life imprisonment for murder. Mr Chester was sentenced to life imprisonment for the murder of his niece, with a tariff of 20 years which expired in October 1997. The Parole Board has not yet found him suitable for release on licence. Mr McGeoch was also sentenced to life imprisonment for murder, with a tariff of 13 years which expired in October 2011; but he has had further convictions for serious offences committed while in prison and is currently serving seven and a half years for violently escaping from prison in 2008. I do not consider that the human rights of either were violated by the Electoral Registration Officers’ refusal to register them on the electoral roll. Their Page 43