Page: 4
AND BETWEEN:
T-635-12
Applicant
and
ATTORNEY GENERAL OF CANADA,
MARC MAYRAND
(THE CHIEF ELECTORAL OFFICER),
SUSAN J. EDELMAN
(RETURNING OFFICER FOR YUKON),
RYAN LEEF, LARRY BAGNELL,
KEVIN BARR, JOHN STREICKER
Respondents
REASONS FOR JUDGMENT AND JUDGMENT
I.
II.
III.
IV.
Introduction ............................................................................................................. 5
Background ............................................................................................................. 7
The Statutory and Jurisprudential Framework ...................................................... 14
A.
The Canada Elections Act......................................................................... 14
B.
Part 20 of the Act – CONTESTED ELECTIONS .................................... 20
(1)
The Act contemplates parallel criminal and civil processes ......... 20
(2)
The test, burden and standard of proof for invalidity ................... 21
(3)
The meaning of “fraud” in s 524(1) .............................................. 25
(4)
“…that affected the result of the Election.” .................................. 29
(5)
When Must an Application to Annul be Made? ........................... 34
(6)
Section 527,“knew or should have known” .................................. 36
Analysis................................................................................................................. 37
A.
Preliminary motions .................................................................................. 37
(1)
Was there maintenance and champerty by the Council of
Canadians? .................................................................................... 37
(a) Is Mr. Henein’s affidavit admissible? .................................. 39
(b) Conclusion on maintenance and champerty ......................... 41
(2)
Are the Applications Statute-Barred? ........................................... 44
(3)
Should the opinion evidence of Mr. Graves be struck? ................ 48
B.
Admissibility and weight of the evidence................................................. 55
(1)
Evidence of the applicants ............................................................ 55
(2)
The ITO evidence.......................................................................... 56
(3)
Mr. Penner’s evidence................................................................... 65
2013 FC 525 (CanLII)
THOMAS JOHN PARLEE