Election Investigations Guidebook mandate, defined mandate for investigations, 93–96 Mexico conducting interviews, 69 evidence sources, 64 non-retaliatory immunity, 144 objectivity of investigators, 132, 133 training and professional development for investigative staff, 103–104 Moldova complaint receipt process, 28 pre-determined evidence types, 56 referral and joint investigation, 97 substantiation and corroboration of evidence, 59 Mvelase v. Electoral Commission, 52, 82 Myanmar civil procedures and evidence rules, 57 complaint receipt process, 26 pre-determined evidence types, 56 Namat Aliyev v. Azerbaijan, 10, 60–61, 92 Nigeria, recruitment of investigative staff, 102 objectivity, independent and impartial investigations, 126–133 Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) Office of Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR), 51 Pakistan codes of conduct for election officials, 108–109 complaint receipt process, 28 conflicts of interest, 134 corruption elimination, 142 dismissal of complaint/summary judgment, 33 pre-determined evidence types, 56 referral and joint investigation, 98 Peru, evidence sources, 64 Philippines accountability of investigative bodies and investigators, 116 analyzing evidence and presenting findings, 77–78 150 conflicts of interest, 137 disciplinary measures for investigator misconduct, 114 dismissal of complaint/summary judgment, 33 investigation mandate, 94–95 objectivity of investigators, 133 probable cause and evidence thresholds, 66–67 recruitment and promotion of investigative staff, 140 referral and joint investigation, 97 reporting, referral, and notification, 80 substantiation and corroboration of evidence, 61 transparency and privacy, 90 planning and prompt investigations, 47–49 preliminary assessment and prompt investigations, 44–47 principles and practices effective investigations, 91 independent and impartial investigations, 123 prompt investigations, 39 thorough investigations, 55 probable cause, evidence thresholds for full investigations, 65–67 procedural frameworks for electoral dispute resolution, 15–17 professionalism of investigative bodies and investigators, 104–105 training and professional development for investigative staff, 102–104 prompt investigations, 39–53 described, 13, 37, 39 and due process, 18–19 investigation planning, 47–49 investigation timelines, 49–53 preliminary assessment, 44–47 triage, 40–44 proof, burden of proof, 31–32 Raila Amolo Odinga & Another v. Independent Electoral Commission & 2 Others (2017), 32 receipt of complaint, 24–28