make recommendations related to disinformation and misleading campaigns targeting the U.S. and Arizona justice systems. Key recommendations on communications included: • That every court establish and maintain a court-specific website or web page to provide accurate information and access to justice 24 hours a day, seven days a week, through local or statewide resources. • That every court establish and maintain at least one social media account, such as Facebook, Twitter (now known as X), Instagram, or YouTube, to keep the public and media informed about court events and notify the community quickly and efficiently in emergencies, and to serve as a tool to counteract disinformation promptly, provide accurate information, and help the public better understand court policies and procedures. • Incorporating information from the resources in [the Task Force] report into an online and print miniguide for judiciaries to use to recognize misinformation and disinformation directed at the judiciary. 71 Ahead of the February 2022 presidential elections in Costa Rica, the Supreme Electoral Court – acting both as an EMB and an adjudication body – made an agreement with Facebook to establish a direct channel of communication to enable election magistrates to download content and request that posts containing disinformation be removed. 72 Social networks were monitored; based on a series of indicators that had been jointly built, content could be downloaded, preserved as evidence, and removed in real time. Quick access to evidence relating to content which can affect the integrity of the election and violate rules of electoral propaganda is crucial to allow arbiters and judges to rule in a timely manner. Similarly, in preparation for the 2022 elections, Brazil’s Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (TSE) (Superior Electoral Court) established the Electoral Justice Permanent Program on Countering Disinformation, which developed a strong disinformation strategy ahead of the country’s 2022 elections. The initiative revolved around three axes 73 that contain a significant number of innovative initiatives. These include training for internal and external audiences on disinformation, enhancing cooperation with the media, partnering with Federal Police and federal prosecutors, encouraging dialogue with political parties, and supporting the mental health of TSE members who deal with disinformation. 74 The initiative seems to have been a success, given that the elections were contentious but the courts could push back robustly and sanction former President Bolsonaro in the face of a significant disinformation and intimidation campaign. Supreme Court State of Arizona: Task Force on Countering Disinformation Report and Recommendations October 1, 2020 Freedom House. (2022, December 23). Amid rising digital repression, Costa Rica serves as a model in Central America. 73 The three axes focused on 1) Inform: Dissemination of Quality information; 2) Enable: Media Literacy and Training; and 3) Respond: Identification and Containment of Disinformation. See Brazil’s Electoral Justice Permanent Program on Countering Disinformation - Strategic Plan - Elections 2022 74 Tribunal Superior Eleitoral. (2022). Brazil’s Electoral Justice Permanent Program on Countering Disinformation: Strategic Plan Elections 2022 71 72 21