Chapter 1: International Standards standards in cases around the world, in order to provide a global practices manual for election practitioners and other interested individuals. A thorough understanding of international standards, should underpin the entire electoral process. It is also necessary to consider other factors such as legal traditions and customs, and the history and the culture of a particular country.  This expansive approach will result in electoral complaints adjudication mechanisms that comply adequately with international standards and fit the needs of a particular country. In light of the standards discussed in this chapter, IFES experts will review the following programmatic areas and how they contribute to electoral complaint adjudication processes: legal reviews and advising; training of parties to a dispute (EMBs, political parties, and civil society); training of judges and arbiters; approaches to voter education and civil society; and alternative dispute mechanisms. 95