Acknowledgements The publication of this guide is the result of several years of work and the exceptional dedication of a large team of experts, editors, researchers and reviewers. I believe we have met our goal of giving practitioners both the normative justification and practical tools they need to design, justify, and implement effective electoral justice programs. In Chapter 1, we present seven standards based on international public law obligations that will give practitioners and other stakeholders the normative foundation or signposts needed to design transparent, consistent and effective electoral complaints adjudication systems. Several people contributed to the drafting of this chapter by providing a great deal of research, guidance and debate about the definition of standards and the arguments that undergird each of them. This team included Typhaine Roblot, Jeremy Hunt, Jennifer Mishory, Erica Shein, and Bob Dahl. Chapter 2 offers those who are either drafting or analyzing electoral complaints adjudication legal frameworks the basic legal components they need to consider. I want to thank Bob Dahl for capturing, on paper, his unique ability to analyze both the macro issues one must consider when undertaking legal review and his respect for the practical implications of reforms that can be proposed in particular circumstances. I also want to thank Mike Clegg for his sage advice, important additions and thorough review of this chapter that helped us to contextualize and enrich the discussion. Chapter 3 strives to provide tools for designing and implementing effective complaints adjudication training programs. I must thank Steven Gray for providing this framework, buttressed by a solid training methodology. I also want to thank Linda Edgeworth for reviewing and adding to this chapter several elements that will help to focus training programs on the particularities associated with complaint adjudication systems. Because of the importance and unique nature of training arbiters in the electoral complaints process, the fourth chapter uses case studies and comparative analysis to give practitioners the information they need to iii