4 NATIONAL REPUBLICAN SENATORIAL COMMITTEE v. FEDERAL ELECTION COMM’N Opinion of the Court sued the Federal Election Commission and its Commissioners. They claimed that the political-party coordinated-expenditure limits violate the First Amendment. Plaintiffs argued that political parties possess a First Amendment right to spend money as they see fit on political advertising and other campaign activities—and to do so in coordination with the parties’ candidates. The en banc U. S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit rejected plaintiffs’ challenge and upheld FECA’s politicalparty coordinated-expenditure limits, applying this Court’s 2001 decision in Federal Election Comm’n v. Colorado Republican Federal Campaign Comm., 533 U. S. 431, commonly referred to as Colorado II. But in a series of insightful opinions, a majority of the judges on the Court of Appeals questioned that precedent in light of more recent First Amendment decisions of this Court—particularly McCutcheon v. Federal Election Comm’n, 572 U. S. 185 (2014), and Federal Election Comm’n v. Ted Cruz for Senate, 596 U. S. 289 (2022). See 117 F. 4th 389, 395 (CA6 2024) (en banc) (Sutton, C. J.); id., at 401 (Thapar, J., concurring); id., at 407 (Bush, J., concurring); id., at 447 (Readler, J., dissenting). This Court granted certiorari to review whether, in the wake of McCutcheon, Cruz, and other more recent decisions of this Court, the statutory limits on a political party’s coordinated expenditures remain consistent with the First Amendment. 606 U. S. 931 (2025). In this Court, the United States agrees with plaintiffs that FECA’s limits on political-party coordinated expenditures are no longer constitutional. The Democratic National Committee, the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee, and the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee are intervenors and argue that the limits are still constitutional. In light of the Government’s position, the Court appointed Roman Martinez as amicus curiae to